Ama-electronics e-silicon aqinile endabuko , afakwe emabhodini esifunda futhi afakwe kumadivayisi epulasitiki, asephelelwe yisikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nomncintiswano omusha owenza ukungena okuqinile: ama-chips ahlanganiswe nemicu emincane kakhulu, emincane kakhulu kunezinwele zomuntu. Lo mbono, owawuzwakala eminyakeni embalwa edlule njengenganekwane yesayensi, manje usekelwa yimiphumela yokuhlola eshicilelwe kumajenali aphezulu njenge-Nature.
Iqembu labacwaningi eFudan University eShanghai liphumelele ekwakheni amasekethe ahlanganisiwe aphelele ngaphakathi kwentambo eguquguqukayo ekwazi ukugoba, ukwelula, nokubekezelela amandla amakhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Lezi zindwangu zihlanganisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-transistors ngaphakathi kwamamilimitha ubude, ngomthamo wokucubungula ofana nowama-chip ezentengiselwano asetshenziswa kumakhompyutha asekhaya noma kuma-implants e-biomedical. Futhi ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi le fomethi ivumela ukubalwa kwekhompyutha ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokoqobo ezingutsheni , izicubu zezinto eziphilayo, nezinto zansuku zonke.
Iyini i-chip eyenziwe nge-fiber encane kunezinwele zomuntu?
Uma sikhuluma nge- chip encane esekelwe ku-fiber kunezinwele zomuntu , asikhulumi ngocingo olulula olune-elekthronikhi ethile exhunywe ngaphandle, kodwa kunalokho i-circuit ehlanganisiwe yangempela eboshwe phezu kwayo futhi ihlanganiswe ngentambo ye-polymer. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bungama-micrometer angu-50, cishe ubukhulu obufanayo noboya bomuntu obujwayelekile, kodwa ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhala esincane kukhona uhlelo oluphelele nolusebenzayo lwe-microelectronic.
Lezi zisekelo ezihlanganisiwe ze- fiber, noma ama-FIC, zihlanganisa ama-transistors, ama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-diode, imigqa exhumanisayo, inkumbulo, kanye namabhulokhi okucubungula amasignali ngaphakathi kwe-geometry yesilinda. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-fiber ayikhawulelwe ekudluliseni noma ekuzwaneni, kodwa ingacubungula ulwazi endaweni , yenze imisebenzi enengqondo, yenze ukuhlunga amasignali, futhi yenze nemisebenzi eyisisekelo yokuqaphela izithombe kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi alula e-neural.
Umehluko omkhulu uma uqhathaniswa nezizukulwane zangaphambilini zemicu kagesi ubuningi bokuhlanganiswa . Ithimba likaFudan selifinyelele ama-transistors afinyelela ku-100.000 ngesentimitha lemicu, lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kakhulu (i-VLSI) ezichaza ama-chip ajwayelekile. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi imitha elilodwa lale micu lingaqukatha inani lama-transistors afana nalawo aku-CPU ejwayelekile yedeskithophu.
Ngokombono osebenzayo, ingxenye ngayinye yentambo isebenza njengohlelo lwe-microcomputer oluzimele : inezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi, inkumbulo, amakhono okucubungula idatha, kanye nekhono lokuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle. Akuyona nje inzwa ende, kodwa i-node ehlakaniphile engaphindaphindwa ngamasentimitha ngesentimitha engutsheni noma entweni efakwe ngaphakathi.
Imithombo yezindaba eminingana ekhethekile kanye nezincwadi zezemfundo zigcizelele ukuthi lokhu kuthuthuka kumelela igxathu elifanele uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo zamanje ezigqokwayo, ezincike kumamojula aqinile athungwe noma anamathiselwe ezindwangu kanye nama-processor angaphandle ukuze enze noma yimuphi umsebenzi ofanele.
Ukwakhiwa: icebo "le-sushi" lokufaka i-chip entanjeni
Isithiyo esikhulu ekwakheni i -chip ku-fiber encane kangaka akuyona nje into yezinto zokwakha, kodwa i-geometric: ama-microelectronics avamile akhiqizwa kuma-wafers e-silicon ayisicaba kusetshenziswa i-photolithography, inqubo enembile kakhulu eyenzelwe izindawo ezibushelelezi. Ukuqopha amasekethe ayinkimbinkimbi ngqo kusilinda ukujiya kwezinwele zomuntu, ngamasu ajwayelekile, akunakwenzeka.
Ukuze banqobe lo mkhawulo, ithimba likaFudan lasebenzisa isu elihlakaniphile eliphefumulelwe indlela ama-maki noma ama-sushi rolls asongwa ngayo . Okokuqala, bakha zonke izingxenye (ama-transistors, ama-capacitor, ama-resistor, ama-interconnect) ephepheni eliyisicaba le-polymer elastic, besebenzisa amathuluzi e-photolithography kanye ne-plasma etching afana kakhulu nalawo asetshenziswa embonini ye-semiconductor.
Uma isekethe ye-2D isiqediwe, ishidi limbozwa ngefilimu ye-polymer ebanzi esebenza njengesivikelo sokuvikela, kunciphisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu bube ngaphansi kwe-nanometer eyodwa. Lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokuthi i-lithography isebenze ngokunemba kwe-micrometer nokuvimbela amaphutha angaphula iminonjana lapho ivinjiwe.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuzibopha ishidi ngokwalo ngokulandela ukwakheka kwe-helical okunezingqimba eziningi . Isendlalelo ngesendlalelo, njengomqulu omncane, isendlalelo sigcwele ngesimo esijikelezayo ngaphakathi kwefayibha. Leli qhinga lejiyometri livumela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwevolumu yangaphakathi yefayibha: lapho ngaphambili kwakungena khona umqhubi oyedwa kuphela, manje sekufakwe isendlalelo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu esinamadivayisi asebenzayo ayizinkulungwane.
Ekugcineni, yonke inhlangano ivalwe ngaphakathi kwengubo ye-polymer eguquguqukayo, okuholela ku- filament eqhubekayo, eguquguqukayo, futhi evikelwe ngokuphelele . Le nqubo ayisebenzisi ama-wafer aqinile endabuko, ngaleyo ndlela iphula umbono osekunesikhathi eside wokuthi "ama-chips angenziwa nge-silicon kuphela futhi ayisicaba."
Idatha yokusebenza emangalisayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa
Esinye sezici ezihlabe umxhwele kakhulu umphakathi wesayensi nobuchwepheshe yizinga lokuhlanganiswa elifinyelelwa endaweni encane kangaka . Ngokunemba kwe-photolithography yelabhorethri engaba yi-micrometer eyodwa, ithimba laseShayina likwazile ukufaka ama-transistors angaba ngu-10.000 ku-millimeter eyodwa ye-fiber, kanye nama-transistors afinyelela ku-100.000 ngesentimitha kwezinye izilungiselelo.
Uma siqhathanisa lokhu kuqina, umucu omude oyimitha elilodwa ungaqoqa inani lama-transistors asondela ku-oda lobukhulu beyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi yakudala . Nakuba kusenomehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-processor ezentengiselwano aphezulu, umqondo wokuthi umucu wendwangu ungagcina amandla okusebenzisa amakhompyutha afana nama-biomedical noma ama-control chips ngokuqinisekile uyathakazelisa.
Ngale kwenani elilula lama-transistors, ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kumele kucatshangelwe . Ngaphezu kwama-transistors, i-fiber ihlanganisa izingxenye ezingasebenzi njengezithiyo nama-capacitor, ama-diode, inkumbulo, kanye namabhulokhi okucubungula e-analog nawedijithali. Ama-prototypes abonisiwe akwazile ukuphatha izimpawu ezixubile, ukwenza imisebenzi enengqondo, ukulawula amaphethini okukhipha (isibonelo, ukubonisa izithombe ezilula kumaphaneli alukiwe), kanye nokusebenzisa imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokuqaphela kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi e-neural e-hardware.
Ngobuchwepheshe, ukukwazi ukukhuluma nge-VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) ngaphakathi kwe-geometry encane kangaka yesilinda kuyinguquko ye-paradigm. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ukufeza leli zinga lobuningi bokuhlanganiswa ngaphandle kwezingxenye eziqinile kwakubhekwa njengokungenakwenzeka , kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-lithography ethuthukisiwe, ama-polymers anwebekayo, kanye nomklamo we-helical kuye kwakwenza kwaba nokwenzeka, okungenani esikalini selabhorethri.
Eminye imigqa yocwaningo, njengemicu ye-semiconductor yokuzwa kanye nokudluliselwa kwesignali echazwe ezincwadini ezifana ne-ScienceDaily, yayivele ikhomba ezindwangu ze-elekthronikhi ezithuthukisiwe, kodwa yayingakafiki kuleli zinga lokubala kwendawo okuhlanganisiwe . Lapha, i-fiber ayibe "yikhebula lenzwa" elilula futhi iba ubuchopho obusatshalaliswa kuyo yonke indwangu.
Ukumelana okukhulu kwemishini kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside
Ngaphezu kwe-elekthronikhi yayo enamandla, i-fiber chip ivelele ngokumelana kwayo okumangalisayo kwemishini yengxenye ye-elekthronikhi. Ekuhlolweni, le micu yamelana nokudlula kweloli elingamathani angu-15,6 ngaphandle kokwehluleka, igcina ukusebenza kwayo ngemva kwaleli gunya lokuchoboza elinonya.
Akukhona nje ukuchotshozwa: imicu iye yahlushwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zemijikelezo yokugoba, ukusonta, kanye nokwelula edlula ubude bayo obungu-30%, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo okukhulu. Iphinde yahlikihlwa kaningi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-100.000, okubaluleke kakhulu uma ucabangela ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo kanye nokunyakaza kwengubo kukho konke ukuphila kwayo.
Elinye iqiniso eliphawulekayo yikhono le-fiber lokubekezelela ukuwashwa okushisa okuphezulu . Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi imelana nezinsipho kanye namazinga okushisa afinyelela kuma-degree Celsius ayi-100 ngaphandle kokonakala kwesekethe yangaphakathi, ngenxa yengxenye enkulu ye-polymer encapsulation esebenza njengesivikelo ngokumelene nomswakama kanye nama-chemical agents.
Ukuqina kuhlobene nokuhambisana okunwebekayo kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. I-polymer eyisisekelo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-helical kwezingqimba kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwemishini kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kuvimbela amaphuzu okuhlushwa kokucindezeleka angaphula imizila. Leli khono lokuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokunwebeka kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezindwangu nezicubu zebhayoloji, lapho ukunyakaza kungasheleli futhi kungabikezeleki.
Uma ihlanganiswa, yonke le mininingwane ngamandla omshini, ihlanganiswe nokuzinza kukagesi, iphakamisa ukuthi le micu inganikeza isikhathi sokuphila esiseduze noma esingaphezu kwesezindwangu eziningi ezivamile , ivule umnyango wezingubo ezithambile ezingokoqobo kanye namadivayisi okusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Kusukela kupuleti eliqinile kuya kuntambo ehlakaniphile: ushintsho olujwayelekile lwezinto ezigqokwayo
Kuze kube manje, lapho sikhuluma ngezingubo ezihlakaniphile nezinto ezigqokwayo , ezimweni eziningi besibhekene nezindwangu ezivamile okwakunezelwe kuzo imodyuli eqinile: i-PCB encane enezinzwa kanye ne-microcontroller, ibhethri elikhulu, mhlawumbe nezintambo zendwangu zokuthutha isignali ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngamanye amazwi, izinto zikagesi “zazinamathele” engutsheni, kodwa zazingeyona ingxenye yesakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi.
Ngama-chips e-fiber-in-fiber, indlela ithatha ithuba: ukubala kuhlanganiswa nentambo uqobo . Umucu ngamunye ungasebenza njengenzwa, iprosesa, kanye nesici sokukhipha, kwakha indwangu lapho ubuso bonke buyisistimu esakazwe ngama-node ahlakaniphile asebenzisana.
Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngejezi lezemidlalo lapho imithungo iqukethe imicu ekwazi ukukala amapharamitha e-biometric (ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa, ukuphefumula), ukucubungula leyo datha endaweni, nokunquma ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olufanele ukuthumela kudivayisi yangaphandle. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo se- microcontroller ephakathi futhi kunciphisa ukubambezeleka, ngoba izinqumo eziningi zenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-fiber uqobo.
Esinye isimo esikhangayo kakhulu yileso sezingubo ezikwazi ukubonisa ulwazi ngqo endwangwini . Esikhundleni sesikrini esinamathiselwe, umkhono noma isifuba sehembe singasebenza njengendawo yokubonisa, elawulwa imicu ehlanganisiwe ephatha kokubili ukucubungula nokuphathwa kwezinto ezikhipha ukukhanya (ama-LED, ama-microdisplay, noma ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo obuhambisanayo).
Le ndlela ifanelana kahle nomkhuba wokubala okuvamile : esikhundleni samadivayisi ambalwa anamandla nabonakalayo, umkhuba ubheke kumadivayisi amaningi angabonakali ahlanganiswe nezinto zansuku zonke, kusukela kufenisha kuya ezingutsheni. Ama-fiber anezisekelo ezihlanganisiwe angenye yezingcezu ezilahlekile ezidingekayo ukuletha i-elekthronikhi kusuka ekhasejini iye ezintweni zokwakha uqobo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha kanye nokuxhumana kobuchopho nekhompyutha
Ngaphandle kwemfashini nezinto ezigqokwa ngabathengi, enye yezindawo lapho lolu hlobo lwefayibha lunamandla amakhulu khona yi -medicine kanye ne-brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) . Ama-electrode amanje kanye namadivayisi afakelwa i-implant ngokuvamile aqinile noma aqinile kancane, okudala ukungafani okukhulu kwemishini nezicubu ezithambile zomzimba, ikakhulukazi izicubu zobuchopho.
Ukufaka ingxenye eqinile endaweni ethambile kudala ukunyakaza okuncane kanye nokungezwani okungabangela ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwezicubu, noma ukwenqatshwa isikhathi eside. Ama-fibre asekelwe kuma-polymer anwebekayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anobumnene obufana nobezicubu zobuchopho, okuzivumela ukuthi zihlangane kancane kakhulu futhi zivumelane kangcono nokunyakaza kwemvelo kwesitho.
Inzuzo enkulu lapha ukuthi i-fiber ayisebenzi nje kuphela njenge-electrode noma inzwa engasebenzi, kodwa iyakwazi ukubona, ukucubungula, nokubuyisela izimpawu ku-loop evaliwe . Ngamanye amazwi, ingaqopha umsebenzi we-neuronal, iwuhlunge futhi iwucubungule endaweni, futhi ikhiqize izisusa zikagesi noma impendulo ngesikhathi sangempela, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthumela lonke ulwazi olungavuthiwe kuyunithi yangaphandle.
Le ndlela yokuvala i-close-loop iwusizo kakhulu ekwelashweni kwe-neuromodulatory kanye nasezitho zokufakelwa ezithuthukisiwe , lapho ijubane nokunemba kokuxhumana kobuchopho nedivayisi kubalulekile khona. Ngokwenza okunye kokubala ngaphakathi kwe-fiber, isilinganiso sesiginali-kuya-kumsindo siyathuthukiswa futhi inani ledatha okufanele idluliselwe liyancishiswa, okwenza kube lula ukwakheka kohlelo lonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka namandla e-fiber chip kuvumela umbono wezinto ezifakwayo zesikhathi eside, ezingapheli ezinengozi encane yokuphuka kanye nokuhambisana okukhulu kwemishini. Akuyona into eyenzekile ukuthi lo msebenzi uvuse isithakazelo emphakathini we -BCI, ubunjiniyela be-neuro, kanye ne-biomedical electronics , obekulokhu ufuna iminyaka eminingi "izinto ezisebenza ngogesi ezithambile" ezikhuluma ulimi olufanayo lwemishini njengomzimba.
Iqiniso elingokoqobo, ama-haptic athuthukile, kanye nokuhlinzwa okukude
Emikhakheni ye -virtual reality (VR) kanye ne-augmented reality (AR) , imicu enezisekelo ezihlanganisiwe ivula amathuba adlula kakhulu amagilavu alula anezinzwa zesikhundla. Iglavu elukiwe ngalolu hlobo lwentambo ingahlanganisa ngesikhathi esisodwa izinzwa ezixinene kakhulu, ukucubungula kwendawo, kanye nama-haptic actuator asakazwayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umunwe ngamunye, wonke amalungu, kanye nendawo yonke yesandla kungaba nokuzwa ingcindezi, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokushisa , okucutshungulwa ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphakathi kwe-nerve fiber uqobo futhi kuguqulwe kube izimpawu eziqondile ze-haptic (ukudlidliza, ingcindezi, ama-pulse amancane okuthinta). Ukubambezeleka kuncishisiwe ngoba akuncikile ku-processor enkulu ephakathi kuyo yonke isibalo esincane.
Uma kuthathwe isinyathelo esengeziwe, la magilavu e-haptic nezingubo ezisekelwe kuzintambo ezihlakaniphile zingasetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni okukude kanye nokuxhumana kwezokwelapha . Udokotela ohlinzayo angasebenzisa amathuluzi erobhothi kude futhi, ngenxa yempendulo ye-haptic ekhiqizwa yizintambo, azizwe ukuthungwa nokumelana kwezicubu nezitho cishe njengokungathi zingaphansi kwezandla zakhe.
Ezindaweni zezimboni, ama-jumpsuit noma amagilavu ahlonyiswe ngalolu hlobo lwe-fiber chip angaqapha njalo ukuma, umthwalo ongokomzimba, kanye nokusebenzisana nemishini , athole amaphethini ayingozi futhi axwayise abasebenzi noma izinhlelo zokulawula ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ingozi.
Iminyango eminingi iyavuleka ezweni lokuzilibazisa: Izingubo ze-VR ezinemizwa yokuxhumana engokoqobo, izingubo zezemidlalo ezikwazi ukuphinda zishaye, zidonse noma zilinganisele emidlalweni, noma izixhumi eziqondile kakhulu ezichaza indawo yomunwe ngamunye kanye nomzamo wemisipha wokulawula izinhlelo zedijithali eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Izinselele zobuchwepheshe ezivelele: amandla, ukushisa kanye nokuxhumana
Naphezu kwemiphumela emihle kakhulu, lobu buchwepheshe busesesigabeni selabhorethri futhi bubhekene nezinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile okuzodinga ukuxazululwa ngaphambi kokuba bubonakale emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano emakethe enkulu.
Inselele yokuqala ukuphathwa kwamandla kanye nokushabalaliswa kokushisa . Ukucubungula okugxilile kanye nenkumbulo ngobuningi obuncane kangaka kusho ukuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwayo kungaqongelela ngokushesha. Kuma-chips avamile, ama-heatsink, ama-thermal paste, kanye nemiklamo ethile yamaphakheji kuyasetshenziswa ukukhipha ukushisa; ku-fiber encane kakhulu, nokho, akukho ndawo engaphezulu etholakalayo noma isisindo sokushisa sokusabalalisa lawo mandla.
Kudingeka amasu amasha, njengezinto ezinokushisa okuphezulu ezihlanganiswe nesakhiwo sefayibha uqobo, imiklamo esabalalisa izindawo zomsebenzi ophezulu eduze kwentambo, kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza ezikhawulela ukukhuphuka kwamandla . Uma zingalawulwa kahle, izindawo ezishisayo zingalimaza kokubili izinto zikagesi kanye nezindwangu noma izinto ezihlangana nazo.
Enye inselele enkulu ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi . Nakuba i-fiber ngayinye ingasebenza njengohlelo oluzimele, ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokusebenza kuzodingeka ukuthi idlulisele imiphumela yayo kumanethiwekhi angenantambo njenge- 5G kanye ne-IoT , amaprosesa anamandla kakhulu, noma izinhlelo zokugcina. Ukuhlanganisa ama-antenna, amamojula okuxhumana, noma izixhumi ezithembekile entanjeni engama-micrometer angu-50 akuyona into encane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, embonini yezindwangu, kumele kuboniswe ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza yalezi zindwangu ingandiswa ibe yinqwaba ngaphandle kokwehlisa ikhwalithi. Ithimba le-Fudan lithi indlela yabo iyahambisana namasu okukhiqiza izindwangu akhona, kodwa ukushintsha kusuka endaweni yokulawula yelabhorethri kuya emishinini yokukhiqiza ngobuningi kuyinto ehlala iletha izimanga.
Okokugcina, isidingo sokuhlolwa okubanzi kokuthembeka ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela asinakushaywa indiva: imijikelezo yokuwasha eqhubekayo, ukuchayeka ekujulukeni, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukugoqa okukhulu lapho ugqoka futhi ukhumula izingubo… Ukuqina okubonisiwe kuze kube manje kuthembisa kakhulu , kodwa izivivinyo ezinkulu zensimu zizonquma ukuthi lezi zindwangu zingasinda yini ngempela eminyakeni yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Umongo, imiphumela, kanye nekusasa lekhompyutha enemicu eminingi
Umsebenzi oholwa nguPeng Huisheng nethimba lakhe eFudan University uhambisana nomkhuba wokucwaninga obanzi ohlose ukuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi cishe kuzo zonke izinto ezisizungezile. Kusukela ezinzwa ezilukiwe kumakhaphethi nasemakhethini kuya ezintweni zokwakha ezinekhono lokuqapha, umqondo uwukufiphaza umugqa phakathi "kwedivayisi kagesi" kanye "nento yansuku zonke."
Okwamanje, amanye amaqembu azame imicu ye-semiconductor yokuzwa nokuxhumana, ngezindwangu ezilingisa ukuziphatha kwamanethiwekhi ezinzwa , kanye nezakhiwo ezithambile ezikwazi ukufunda nokuzivumelanisa nendawo ezikuyo. Okusha kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe e-fiber anamandla aphezulu ukuthi aletha amandla ekhompyutha angempela kulo mbono, esondela kulokho okungaba yinethiwekhi yama-microprocessor asatshalaliswa esikalini sentambo.
Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bukhula, kunengqondo ukucabanga ngezingubo, ngaphezu kokulinganisa izimpawu ezibalulekile, ezifunda amaphethini okuziphatha kwabasebenzisi , ezizivumelanisa nemikhuba yazo, futhi zenze izinqumo zendawo: ukulungisa umoya wejazi ngokwemisebenzi, ukuthola ukuwa okusolisayo, ukuphatha ngokuzimela ubumfihlo bedatha eqoqwe, njll.
Kukhona futhi nemiphumela ebalulekile yokuziphatha kanye nobumfihlo. Lapho izingubo, imibhede, noma amasofa eba amadivayisi abala futhi agcine idatha , kuzobaluleka ukuchaza ngokucophelela ukuthi ubani olawula lolo lwazi, ukuthi lungaziwa kanjani, ukuthi lwabelwana kanjani, nokuthi yini eqinisekisa umsebenzisi ukuthi ngeke lusetshenziswe kabi. Okufanayo kusebenza kumadivayisi athambile afakwa: amandla awo amakhulu ezokwelapha ahambisana nemibuzo mayelana nokuphepha, ukufinyelela kude, kanye namathuba okusetshenziswa kabi kwedatha yezinzwa.
Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe kuphela, izinyathelo ezilandelayo cishe zizogxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwama-transistors e-fiber-in-fiber, ukuhlanganisa amamojula enkumbulo angashintshi kanye nokuxhumana okungenantambo ngqo ku-fiber, kanye nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zekhompyutha ezisatshalaliswa ezilungiselelwe indlela eyingqayizivele enjalo. Ukuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe be-fiber-in-fiber nama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa alula angafakiwe kungaholela ezingutsheni namadivayisi anokuzivumelanisa nezimo anezinga lokuzimela elingacatshangwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Nakuba kusenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe ngaphambi kokuba la ma-chips asemafayibhelini abe mancane kunezishelufu zesitolo ezifinyelela izinwele, imiphumela yamanje ikwenza kucace ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile phakathi kwesekethe kagesi nezinto zokwakha kuyafiphala, nokuthi izinto zethu zansuku zonke zisendleleni eya ekubeni amanethiwekhi obuchopho obuncane obulukiwe, obugoqiwe, futhi obufihliwe kuyo yonke intambo.
