Ukuhlanganiswa kwe amarobhothi anjenge-humanoid kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ekunakekelweni kwabantu abadala Sekushintshe ekubeni indaba yesayensi eqanjiwe kwaba yisimo esivele sixoxwa ngabaholi bebhizinisi, ohulumeni kanye nochwepheshe bezokuziphatha. Ukuguga kwabantu baseYurophu kanye nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi abanamakhono kusunduza imboni yezobuchwepheshe ukuthi isheshise izixazululo ukuze abantu abadala baqhubeke nokuhlala emakhaya ngokusekelwa okukhulu.
Kulesi simo, isiphakamiso sika ukusebenzisa amarobhothi e-AI njengabanakekeli kanye nabangane Ithole ukuvelela, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezitatimende zika-Elon Musk eDavos. Okwamanje, emazweni aseYurophu njengeFrance, izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile kanye namarobhothi omphakathi sezivele zihlolwa emakhaya asebekhulile, okuvula impikiswano eyinkimbinkimbi: ukuthi ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kungahamba ibanga elingakanani futhi kufanele kuhambe ibanga elingakanani esigabeni sokuphila esibucayi kangaka?
Umbono ka-Elon Musk: amarobhothi anjengomuntu njengabanakekeli abathembekile
Ngesikhathi ekhuluma e- Ingqungquthela Yezomnotho Yomhlaba eDavosU-Elon Musk uphikise ngokuthi, esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu, Amarobhothi angabantu ahlonyiswe nge-AI azothatha ingxenye enkulu yokunakekelwa kwasebekhulile.Lo somabhizinisi waphawula ukuthi amazwe amaningi athuthukile abhekene nenkinga enkulu yabantu: bayanda abantu asebethathe umhlalaphansi kanye nabanakekeli abatholakalayo abambalwa, kokubili emndenini kanye nasemsebenzini.
Ngokusho kukaMusk, imodeli yamanje isekelwe ku- amakhaya asebekhulile kanye nabanakekeli abahlala khona Kuya ngokuya kubiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuqhubeka nakho. Ngakho-ke i-thesis yakhe: ukukhiqiza amarobhothi ngobuningi, ngentengo ephansi, ukuze akwazi ukuhlala emakhaya futhi anakekele imisebenzi yasekhaya kanye nokuvikelwa kanye nobungane nabantu asebekhulile.
Inhliziyo yalesi siphakamiso I-Optimus, irobhothi elinomuntu elakhiwe yiTeslaYaklanywa ngendlela efana neyomuntu, ihlanganisa izingalo, imilenze, nezandla ezineminwe ehlanganisiwe eyivumela ukuthi iphathe izinto zansuku zonke, ihambe emakhaya akhona, futhi yenze imisebenzi enembile, kusukela ekuqoqeni izinto phansi kuya ekusizeni ekhishini.
UMusk uze wasikisela ukuthi Ukuba nerobhothi lalolu hlobo kuzoba yinto evamile njengokuba nethuluzi lasekhaya elithuthukisiwe.Uze waphakamisa nokuthi, eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, kungaba namarobhothi asebenza njenge-humanoid acishe abe yisigidi, amaningi awo ahloselwe ukusiza abantu asebekhulile emakhaya abo.
Lokho okuthenjiswa yilawa marobhothi: ukwesekwa ngokomzimba, ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke, kanye nobungane
Ngale komthelela wezindaba, umbono kaMusk uhambisana nomkhuba obanzi wezobuchwepheshe: intuthuko ye ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obukhiqizayo kanye namarobhothi omphakathiAmamodeli olimi amasha kanye nezinhlelo zokuqonda azivumeli amarobhothi ukuthi enze imiyalo kuphela, kodwa futhi ahumushe indawo ezungezile futhi avumelanise ukuziphatha kwawo nesimo kanye nemikhuba yomuntu ngamunye.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwasebekhulile, imisebenzi ethize kakhuluLokhu kuhlanganisa usizo ngemisebenzi yasekhaya, ukwesekwa ngokuhambahamba ekhaya, ukulungiselela ukudla okulula, ukuphathwa kwemithi, kanye nokuqapha ukuphepha kwasekhaya okuyisisekelo. I-Optimus kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-humanoid zihlose ukusebenza ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa ekhaya, kusetshenziswa iminyango efanayo, amaphasishi, kanye nefenisha umuntu angayisebenzisa.
Esinye sezithembiso zikaMusk eziphindaphindwayo kakhulu yikhono lala marobhothi loku vumelanisa nezidingo kanye nobuntu bomsebenzisi ngamunyeNgenxa ye-AI, bakwazi ukulungisa ithoni yabo yezwi, imvamisa yokuxhumana, noma imisebenzi abayenzayo ngokusekelwe esimweni sengqondo noma empilweni yomuntu osekhulile, into edlula nje ukwenza isimiso sibe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Elinye iphuzu elibucayi yileli isizungu esingapheli ekugugeniAmarobhothi asebenzisa abantu anamakhono okuxoxa athuthukile angabamba izingxoxo ezimfushane, akhumbule izihloko ezithakazelisa umsebenzisi, asikisele imisebenzi, noma athole ngisho nezimpawu zokuzihlukanisa isikhathi eside. Kwabanye abantu asebekhulile abahlala bodwa, ukuba khona komshini olalelayo futhi ophendula ngendlela ehambisanayo kungaba impumuzo, yize kungathathi indawo yokusebenzisana kwabantu.
Ongoti bayathanda UBerry Billingsley, inhloko ye-AI eSwansea UniversityBaveza ukuthi le mishini ayisekho ekubeni amathuluzi ezimboni futhi isiphenduka yaba abasizi bomuntu siqu abakwazi ukubonisa uhlobo lozwelo olulingiswayo. Abazizwa imizwa, kodwa ukwakheka nokunyakaza kwabo kungadala umbono wokusondelana kubasebenzisi othonya inhlalakahle yabo.
IYurophu iyathuthuka: kusukela ekuqapheni okuhlakaniphile kuya kumarobhothi omphakathi
Nakuba izimemezelo ezinkulu zivela e-United States, sekuvele kunezimemezelo eYurophu. amaphrojekthi athile asebenzisa i-AI namarobhothi ukusekela asebekhulileIFrance isibe ngelinye lamazwe asebenza kakhulu kulo mkhakha, ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile ezindaweni zokuhlala namarobhothi omphakathi aklanyelwe ukuhambisana nokusiza ngemisebenzi eyisisekelo.
Kufakwe uhlelo ekhaya lasebekhulile eningizimu yeFrance. Izinzwa ezisebenzisa i-AI kanye nokuhlaziywa komsindo Ingahlukanisa phakathi kwengxoxo evamile nesimo esiphuthumayo esingaba khona ekamelweni lokulala lomuntu ohlala khona. Uma ibona noma yini engavamile—ukuwa, ukukhala kosizo, umsindo ongazelelwe—ithumela isaziso esisheshayo efonini ephathekayo yabasebenzi bokunakekelwa.
Izindleko zalesi sixazululo ziseduze Ama-euro angu-2.500 ngomuntu ngamunye ohlala khonafuthi isetshenziswe emakamelweni amaningi. Uhlelo lusebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, luqopha imingcele efana nokuvama kwezingcingo zokucindezeleka, ikhwalithi yokulala, kanye neziqephu zokukhala, futhi lunikeza idatha esiza ukuqapha impilo yomuntu ngamunye osekhulile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubumfihlo bakhe ngamakhamera abonakalayo.
Ngokusho kwabaphathi besikhungo, leli thuluzi seliphenduke "Okubalulekile" emsebenzini wansuku zonkeLokhu kwandisa ukuthula kwengqondo kokubili eqenjini kanye nemindeni, eyaziyo ukuthi isigameko sasebusuku ngeke singanakwa. Akuyona irobhothi elifana nomuntu, kodwa kuyisibonelo esicacile sendlela i-AI eqala ngayo ukuhlanganiswa ekuphathweni kokunakekelwa.
Okwamanje, iFrance nayo iyahlola amarobhothi anjenge-humanoid aklanyelwe ngqo usizo olungokomzwelo nolusebenzayoLokhu kunjalo ngeMiroka, eyasungulwa yinkampani i-Enchanted Tools, eyenzelwe ukusebenza ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu abadala abazimele. Leli robhothi lingakhuluma, lidlale imidlalo, lithwale izinto ezincane ezinesisindo esingafika kumakhilogremu amathathu, futhi lithumele isaziso ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwalo kwi-inthanethi.
Amarobhothi e-humanoid: kusukela ekuhlolweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kwangempela
Ngemuva kweziphakamiso ezifana ne-Optimus noma i-Miroka kulele amashumi eminyaka omsebenzi e- i-humanoid roboticsLawa marobhothi abonakala ngokulingisa, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, isakhiwo somzimba womuntu: umzimba, ikhanda, izingalo, imilenze, futhi ezimweni eziningi, izandla ezineminwe ekwazi ukubamba nokuphatha izinto ngokunemba.
Ngokungafani namarobhothi endabuko ezimboni, avame ukusebenza ezindaweni ezivaliwe nezilawulwa kakhulu, ama-humanoid aphishekela umgomo wokwenza kanjalo. ukuhamba ezindaweni ezenzelwe abantu ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhuluLokhu kubalulekile uma inhloso iwukuba bahlale nabantu abadala emakhaya noma ezindlini zokunakekelwa, lapho kungenangqondo ukwakha kabusha yonke ingqalasizinda.
Sekuyiminyaka, izinselele ezinkulu zigxile gcina ibhalansi, hamba ngezinyawo ezimbili bese uyeka ngaphandle kokuwaNjengoba irobhothi likhula ngobukhulu, isisindo salo siyanda, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukugcina isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi esizinzile. Ngakho-ke, amamodeli amaningi asebenzise izixazululo ezifana nezinyawo ezibanzi noma amadolo ahlala egobeka kancane.
Nokho, muva nje, kube nokuthuthuka okukhulu ngenxa yentuthuko e- izinjini, izinto zokwakha, izinhlelo zokulawula kanye nama-algorithms e-AIUkusetshenziswa kwama-magnet e-neodymium kuye kwavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-motor angenamabhulashi alula futhi asebenza kahle, kuyilapho ihadiwe yokulawula yenziwe yaba yincane futhi yathuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu okufunda okuqinisa kanye namamodeli aphefumulelwe ukunyakaza kwabantu athuthukise ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwala marobhothi.
Noma kunjalo, amavidiyo amaningi amahle asakazwa ku-inthanethi—abonisa amarobhothi enza ama-stunts, ama-choreographies, noma ama-acrobatics—asasele imiboniso eqondiswa kakhulu noma eqhutshwa ngocingongokuwa kaningi ngemva kokugxuma ngakunye okuphumelelayo. Ukuze kusetshenziswe nsuku zonke nabantu asebekhulile, into ebalulekile akukhona ukuthi irobhothi liyagxuma, kodwa ukuthi lithembekile, libikezelwe, futhi liphephile ezinyakazweni ezilula kakhulu.
Izinselele zobuchwepheshe nezokuziphatha zokunakekelwa kwamarobhothi kwasebekhulile
Naphezu kwentshiseko evela kwezinye izingxenye zemboni, Amarobhothi angabantu azinikele ekunakekeleni asesesigabeni sokuhlola.Emkhakheni wezimboni, bayahlolwa emisebenzini yokuhlanganisa, yokuthutha, noma yokuqapha, kuyilapho ezinkonzweni beqala ukubonwa njengabasizi bolwazi, abanakekeli bezinsizakalo, noma abasizi bezitolo ezindaweni ezizenzakalelayo.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokubazisa ekhaya lomuntu osekhulile, izinselele ziyanda. Enye yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukufeza ukuxhumana okungeyona inkulumo kwemvelo nokuphephileIrobhothi kumele lichaze ukushukuma komzimba, ukuma, isimo sobuso, noma imisindo yezwi ukuze liqonde ukuthi umuntu ukhathele, uthukuthele, uyesaba, noma udinga usizo oluphuthumayo, futhi liphendule ngendlela efanele.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuthuthukisiwe kolwazi lwezinzwa (ukuthinta, umbono, umsindo) kusekude kakhulu nokuphelela. Amamodeli amanje awanawo ukunemba nokusebenza kahle okudingekayo ukuze ahambe ngokuzimela ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziphithizelayo, njengeminye imizi enamakhaphethi, izilwane ezifuywayo, ifenisha ehlelwe kabusha, noma izinto phansi.
Enye inkinga yi- ukuzimela kwamandlaAma-actuator kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula zerobhothi elifana nomuntu zidla amandla amaningi, ngakho-ke ibhethri alivamile ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ambalwa okusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuze umuntu osekhulile akwazi ukuthembela kurobhothi amahora angama-24 ngosuku, kuzodingeka amasu okushaja aklanywe kahle kakhulu noma ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwebhethri kanye nomthamo wayo.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu kunezinkinga zokuziphatha kanye nezenhlalo. "Isizungu esihambisana nemishini" Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo: kwenzekani uma umuntu osekhulile eba nobuhlobo obuqinile ngokomzwelo nerobhothi elilingisa uzwela kuphela? Ingabe ukuxhumana nomndeni, omakhelwane, noma abantu abanakekelayo kungaba buthaka uma kuncike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe?
Ochwepheshe bezokuziphatha bagcizelela ukuthi umgomo kufanele ube ukuthi Ukuzenzakalela kufanele kuhambisane, hhayi ukuthatha indawo, yothando lomuntu.Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhulula isikhathi sabanakekeli kanye namalungu omndeni emisebenzini ephindaphindwayo noma ekhathazayo, ukuze bakwazi ukugxila ezicini zokunakekelwa kwabantu nezingokomzwelo, esikhundleni sokunikeza konke kudivayisi.
Umthelela wezomnotho kanye nekusasa lezindawo zokunakekela asebekhulile
Umbono kaMusk udlulela ngale kobunjiniyela futhi uhlose ushintsho lwemodeli yezomnotho nezenhlaloUphikisana ngokuthi, uma amarobhothi anjenge-humanoid engakhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu, izindleko zokuba nelinye ekhaya zingaba ngaphansi kunokugcina indawo endlini yangasese noma ukukhokhela abasebenzi abahlala khona amahora angama-24.
Kulesi simo, abantu abaningi asebekhulile bangakwazi bahlale emakhaya abo isikhathi esideBezungezwe yizinto zabo kanye nendawo abajwayelene nayo, kuyilapho irobhothi linakekela ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwabo kwansuku zonke. Izindlu zokunakekela asebekhulile njengoba sizazi zingaphoqeleka ukuba zishintshe noma, ngokusho kwenguqulo egqamile kakhulu, zilahlekelwe ukuvelela kumodeli yokunakekelwa okusatshalaliswa emakhaya.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kubikezela kubhekene nezinto eziningana ezingaziwa: izindleko zangempela zokukhiqiza nokugcina ama-humanoid, ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwawo ezimweni zezempilo kanye nokuncika, kanye nekhono lezinhlelo zomphakathi zaseYurophu lokwenza kanjalo. ukuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe ngaphandle kokwandisa igebe lomphakathi phakathi kwalabo abakwaziyo ukuzikhokhela nalabo abangakwazi.
Okwamanje, amazwe amaningi akhetha izixazululo eziphakathi nendawoLokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile, amarobhothi okusiza ngokwengxenye, amapulatifomu okunakekelwa kwezingcingo athuthukile, kanye namaphrojekthi okuhlola ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zasemini. I-EU kanye nohulumeni bezizwe abahlukahlukene baxhasa izivivinyo zokuhlola ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukisa ngempela yini ikhwalithi yokuphila, bunciphisa izindleko, futhi buyamukelwa ngabantu abadala ngokwabo.
Empeleni, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kukhomba imodeli exubile, lapho ukunakekelwa kwezindlu, ukunakekelwa kwekhaya labantu kanye amarobhothi ane-AI ahlala ndawonye futhi abelane ngemisebenziUkuthi lokhu kuholela ekunyamalaleni kwezindawo zokunakekela asebekhulile noma ukuguqulwa kwazo kuphela kuzoncika kakhulu ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nasezinqumweni zezepolitiki nezamasiko.
Namuhla, umqondo wokuthi Amarobhothi e-AI aba abanakekeli abavamile asebekhulile Akusazwakali kude njengoba kwakunjalo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kodwa kusalokhu kufihliwe. Intuthuko kumarobhothi angabantu, ingcindezi yabantu, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqala eYurophu ngezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile ezindlini zokunakekelwa kusikisela ukuthi ukuzenzakalela kuzodlala indima ekhulayo ekunakekelweni kwabadala; umbuzo omkhulu ukuthi laba basizi abasha bokwenziwa bazohlangana kanjani nokufudumala, izici ezincane, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekelwa kwabantu ukuze ubuchwepheshe buthuthukise, ngaphandle kokwehlisa isithunzi, lesi sigaba sokuphila esibucayi kakhulu.
