Imboni yezimoto zikagesi ibilokhu ilinde iminyaka eminingi ukuze ithole intuthuko eqinisekile ethenjiswe amabhethri e-solid-state . Lobu buchwepheshe, obuthatha indawo ye-electrolyte ewuketshezi ngezinto eziqinile, bunikeza amandla amaningi, ukuphepha okukhulu, kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ezimfushane. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwayo okukhulu kusalokhu kuyinselele evelele.
Manje, abakhiqizi abaningana baseShayina sebebeke izinsuku zokwethulwa kwalokhu. I-Geely Holding iqinisekisile ukuthi izoqala ukuthunyelwa kwamabhethri ayo aqinile ngo-2027, ngobuningi bamandla obungu-500 Wh/kg obuzovumela ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1.000. I-CATL ne-BYD nazo zimemezele izinhlelo zokukhiqiza zokuhlola zalowo nyaka ofanayo, kuyilapho i-LG Energy Solution ixwayisa ngokuthi ukukhiqiza ngobuningi kuzothatha isikhathi eside nakakhulu.
I-Geely ibheja ku-500 Wh/kg kanye nebanga elingaphezu kwe-1.000 km
I-conglomerate yaseShayina i-Geely Holding ithathe isinyathelo esibalulekile phambili emjahweni wamabhethri aqinile. Le nkampani iqinisekisile ukuthi isiqalile kakade ukuqinisekiswa kwesizukulwane sayo esisha samaseli, nokuthi ukufakwa komshayeli weloli ezimotweni zayo kuhlelelwe u-2027. Lobu buchwepheshe buzofinyelela ubuningi bamandla obufika ku- 500 Wh/kg, cishe kabili kune-250 Wh/kg enikezwa amabhethri ayo amanje e-“Golden Brick”.
Ngokusho kwe-Geely, lesi sibalo sizovumela izimoto zayo zikagesi ukuthi zidlule amakhilomitha ayi-1.000 ebanga ngokushaja okukodwa, ibanga elifana nelemoto edayisa udizili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ithi la mabhethri angaba nesikhathi sokuphila esingafika kumakhilomitha ayisigidi, okuyimininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu kubagibeli bemikhumbi abangochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzisi abasebenzisa amamayela amaningi.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akubanga umzamo wodwa. I-Geely iveze ukuthi i-Dow Chemical isebenza njengomlingani ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zokwakha, inikela nge-glue yeseli eqinile ehlala izinzile ebangeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-40°C no-120°C. Lokhu kuzinza kokushisa kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ezindaweni ezishisayo kakhulu, enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zalobu buchwepheshe.
I-CATL, i-BYD kanye nezinye iziqhwaga nazo zihlose u-2027
I-Geely ayiyona yodwa kulo mjaho. I-CATL, umkhiqizi wamabhethri omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kanye ne-BYD, eyesibili ngobukhulu, iqinisekisile izinhlelo zayo zokukhiqiza zokuhlola zango-2027. I-CALB, umkhiqizi wesithathu ngobukhulu waseShayina, ilindele nokuhlolwa ezimotweni zikagesi ngalowo nyaka, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni okuncishisiwe phakathi kuka-2030 no-2032. I-Gotion High-Tech, esekelwa yi-Volkswagen, ithuthukisa amaseli angu-350 Wh/kg futhi ihlela ukuhlolwa komgwaqo ngonyaka ozayo, ngokukhiqiza kwezentengiselwano phakathi kuka-2029 no-2030.
I-Farasis Energy, esekelwa yi-Mercedes-Benz, ilindele ukuqinisekiswa kwezimoto ngo-2027 kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu ngo-2030. I-EVE Energy ibheja kumaseli esibabule anobuningi obufika ku-350 Wh/kg kanye no-800 Wh/L, kanti isizukulwane sayo sesibili, esihlelelwe u-2028, sizofinyelela ku-1.000 Wh/L. Ngisho ne-Dreame, eyaziwa ngemishini yayo yokuhlanza i-vacuum, ingene empini ngebhethri elingaphezu kuka-450 Wh/kg futhi ihlela ukuthunyelwa okuncane ngo-2026.
Ukuhlushwa kwezimboni kukhulu kakhulu: I-CATL ilawula cishe u-42,9% wemakethe yaseShayina, i-BYD 19,5%, futhi kanye ne-CALB ne-Gotion bakha ngaphezu kuka-75% womkhiqizo wezwe. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani u-2027 ube usuku olubalulekile lokunquma ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuzoshintsha busuke elabhorethri buye emgwaqweni.
I-LG Energy Solution iyaxwayisa: ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kuyisithiyo esikhulu
Kodwa akuzona zonke izindaba ezinhle. URobert Lee, umongameli waseNyakatho Melika kwa-LG Energy Solutions (LGES), wakhuluma ngokungagwegwesi: "Inkinga ngama-solid-state drives ukukhiqizwa okukhulu." Emhlanganweni nezintatheli efektri entsha eLansing, eMichigan, uLee wachaza ukuthi ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kusebenza kahle kumafomethi amancane, kodwa "uma ukhiqiza amafomethi amakhulu kakhulu, izinkampani eziningi zinobunzima."
Ngokusho kukaLee, cishe sizobona amabhethri e-solid-state kuma-smartphone “eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambi kokuba siwabone ezimotweni zikagesi.” Lesi sixwayiso siphambene nesikhathi sabakhiqizi baseShayina, kodwa asiphikisani: ukuqaliswa kokuhlolwa kuka-2027 akusho ukuthi kuzokhiqizwa ngobuningi. Umongameli we-CATL uqobo, uRobin Zeng, uvumile ukuthi amabhethri abo e-solid-state asezingeni lesi-4 le-9-point Technology Readiness Level (TRL), okusho ukuthi asasebenza ngama-prototypes angaphelele.
Okwamanje, i-LGES igxile emizamweni yayo yokuthuthukisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion amanje, ngamaseli amasha e-lithium-manganese-rich (LMR) azonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nickel ne-cobalt, kanye namaseli e-cylindrical Series 46 angaphinde ashajwe ngemizuzu engaba yi-10. Le nkampani ifunda namabhethri e-sodium okugcina amandla angashintshi.
IYurophu nayo iyathutha, kodwa ngokuqapha okukhulu.
EYurophu, ubuchwepheshe sebuvele buthathe izinyathelo zabo zokuqala. Ngonyaka odlule, iMercedes-Benz ihambe amakhilomitha ayi-1.200 ngemodeli ye-EQS efakwe ibhethri eliqinile elithuthukiswe yiFactorial Energy. I-BMW ifake ibhethri eliqinile eliphelele elivela ku-Solid Power ku-i7 yokuhlola, kanti iStellantis ihlola isixazululo esiqinile esisezingeni eliphansi ku-Dodge Charger Daytona kagesi. Inkampani yaseFrance iBlue Solutions okwamanje ingumkhiqizi othuthuke kakhulu ezwenikazi, enefektri enkulu engu-25 GWh eFrance kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza yokuhlola.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu akulindelekile ngaphambi kuka-2030. Ukuthembela eShayina ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kanye nezingxenye zamasu, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokuguqulwa kwezimboni, kwenza kube nzima isikhundla sabakhiqizi baseYurophu. Noma kunjalo, umjaho usaqhubeka, futhi u-2027 uzoba unyaka obalulekile wokubona ukuthi izithembiso ziyagcwaliseka yini.
Ukufika kwamabhethri e-solid-state ngeke kube ngokushesha noma kusabalale kabanzi. Izimoto zokuqala ezinalobu buchwepheshe zizovela ochungechungeni oluncane kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlola, futhi kuzodingeka silinde kuze kube sekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka ukuze sizibone zithengiswa ezindaweni zokuthengisa. Okwamanje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion amanje ayaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi abathengi bangaqiniseka: ushintsho luzoba kancane kancane, kodwa ikusasa lemoto kagesi likhomba ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu, kuphephile, futhi kube nobubanzi obuzoqeda ukukhathazeka kokushaja ekugcineni.