Kukhona isekethe edidiyelwe ethakazelisa kakhulu njenge i-LM393, esengeze ohlwini lwethu izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi esezichaziwe. Le chip noma i-IC inamathuba angapheli, njengoba uzobona, okuyenza iguquguquke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amaningi we-elekthronikhi futhi, nakuba ithengiswa njenge-chip ehlukile, ungayithola futhi kumojula, ukuze uyihlanganise nayo. I-Arduino noma amanye amabhodi ngendlela elula.
Hhayi-ke, lapha sizobona ngokujula ukuthi iyini le sekethi, isebenza kanjani nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani...
Iyini i-LM393?
El I-LM393 iyisekhethi ehlanganisiwe yesiqhathanisi samandla esetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-electronics. Ibonakala ngezindleko zayo eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kalula nokuguquguquka. Isebenza ngokuqhathanisa ama-voltages amabili okokufaka: eyodwa kokokufaka okungaguquki (iphinikhodi 2) kanye neyodwa kokokufaka okuguqulayo (iphinikhodi 1). Uma i-voltage kokokufaka okungaguquki inkulu kune-voltage kokokufaka kwe-inverting, okukhiphayo (iphinikhodi 3) shayelwa ezingeni eliphezulu (5V). Uma i-voltage kokokufaka kwe-inverting inkulu kune-voltage kokokufaka okungaguquki, okukhiphayo kwenziwa kusebenze ezingeni eliphansi (0V).
Lo mjikelezo usetshenziswa amandla aphansi, udla amanje amancane futhi uhlakaza amandla amancane, okuwenza ulungele izimo lapho udinga ukudla kancane, njengemishini encike ebhethrini. Futhi, nakuba ngithe isebenza ku-5V, ungathola ngempela ububanzi phakathi kwe-3v ne-18v yamandla, njengoba udinga.
I-LM393 ingasebenza ngezindlela ezimbili okuyinhloko:
- Ukuqhathanisa ne-hysteresis- Kule modi, i-LM393 ihlanganisa umkhawulo omncane we-voltage ovimbela okukhiphayo ukuthi ungagudluki phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu naphansi lapho ama-voltage okokufaka eseduze nendawo yawo yokuqhathanisa. Lokhu kunikeza ukuzinza okukhulu futhi kuvimbela "ukuqhuma" kokuphumayo.
- Isiqhathanisi ngaphandle kwe-hysteresis- Okukhiphayo kuphendula ngokuqondile ezinguqukweni zama-voltage okokufaka, ngaphandle komphumela we-hysteresis. Lokhu kungaba usizo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho kudingeka impendulo esheshayo ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi.
Sekushiwo kanje, ungase ucabange nje ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa ama-voltages futhi akukho okunye, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa yaleso sici, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi ezinye izakhi esihlanganiswe nazo, singasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo. izicelo eziningi:
- Iziqhathanisi zamandla kagesi: Vele usebenzise leli thuba ukuze uqhathanise amareferensi amabili noma ama-voltages enzwa.
- Izitholi eziwela iqanda: Thola isikhathi lapho isignali ye-AC yeqa i-voltage yereferensi (0V).
- Ama-alamu kagesi: bonisa uma i-voltage idlula umkhawulo ochazwe ngaphambilini.
- Ama-Oscillator: Khiqiza amasiginali wegagasi lesikwele usebenzisa impendulo eyakhayo.
- Ukuxhumana ngezinzwa: guqula amasignali e-analog asuke kuzinzwa abe amasignali edijithali ukuze acutshungulwe ama-microcontroller.
- abanyeNgaphezu kwalokho, uma isetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa imiphumela evela kuzinzwa ezihlukahlukene, singabona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene njengoba sizobona esigabeni esilandelayo...
Izinhlobo zemojuli
Idatha ye-LM393 isisekelo samamojula ahlukahlukene we-elekthronikhi anikeza imisebenzi ethile, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ingasetshenziselwa izinto eziningi. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
- inzwa yesivinini sokujikeleza: Kulolu hlobo lwemojula, i-LM393 ihlanganiswe kanye nezinye izakhi ukukala isivinini sokujikeleza sento ehambayo. Idiski noma igiya elinezikhala lidlula phambi kwesikhanyisi esikhanyayo se-infrared kanye nesamukeli sokukhanya se-IR. Umsele ngamunye odlulayo uphazamisa i-beam yokukhanya, ukhiqize ama-pulses kagesi. I-LM393 iqhathanisa imvamisa yala ma-pulses nereferensi yesikhathi, ibala isivinini sokujikeleza. Ngisho nezinye izakhi zazingasetshenziswa ukubala ibanga elihanjwa isondo, ukuze uthole i-odometer.
- Inzwa ye-Photoelectric optical: Lokhu okunye kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwento. I-infrared light emitter ikhipha umsebe wokukhanya ngasesamukeli sokukhanya. Uma into iphazamisa uhlaka, i-LM393 ithola ukwehla kwesignali yokukhanya bese ivula okukhiphayo.
- umtshina womsindo- Uma kusetshenziswa i-transducer enjengombhobho, ukuba khona komsindo noma ukudlidliza nakho kungatholwa. Imakrofoni iguqula amaza omsindo abe amasignali kagesi, i-LM393 iqhathanisa ukuphakama kwalezi zimpawu nomngcele ochazwe ngaphambilini, futhi uma i-amplitude idlula umkhawulo, i-LM393 ivula okukhiphayo, okubonisa ukuba khona komsindo.
- Isilinganiso sesivinini somugqa: Omunye umsebenzi ukukala isivinini sento ngokunyakaza komugqa. Itheyiphu kazibuthe enamaphethini kazibuthe idlula phambi kwekhanda lokufunda. Ikhanda lokufunda likhiqiza ama-pulses kagesi amele isivinini sento. I-LM393 iqhathanisa imvamisa yala ma-pulses nereferensi yesikhathi, ibala isivinini somugqa.
- inzwa ye-infrared- Nge-IR, ungabona ukuba khona kwento ekhiphayo noma ekhombisa imisebe ye-infrared. Isamukeli se-infrared sithola imisebe ye-infrared ekhishwa noma eboniswa into. I-LM393 iqhathanisa ukushuba kwesignali ye-infrared nomkhawulo ochazwe ngaphambilini. Uma ukuqina kudlula umkhawulo, i-LM393 yenza kusebenze okukhiphayo, okubonisa ukuba khona kwento.
- Imojuli yenzwa yokushisa: nge-thermistor, singakwazi futhi ukukala izinga lokushisa le-ambient, nanoma iyiphi enye into ethinta inzwa yezinga lokushisa. I-thermistor ishintsha ukumelana kwayo nogesi njengomsebenzi wezinga lokushisa. I-LM393 yakha i-voltage divider circuit ne-thermistor, i-voltage ephumayo ye-voltage divider incike ekuphikiseni kwe-thermistor, okubonisa izinga lokushisa.
Njengoba ubona, i-LM393 isebenza njengesisekelo sokufunda izinzwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inomphumela ongasetshenziswa ezinye izakhi ezifana ne-Arduino ukukhiqiza izenzo ngokuhlela i-microcontroller noma i-MCU.
Ungathenga kuphi namanani
I-LM393 ingatholakala njenge-chip ezimele ukuyihlanganisa ohlelweni lwakho lwe-elekthronikhi nezinto ozidingayo, kodwa futhi kumamojula afana nalawo achazwe esigabeni esandulele, nakho konke okudingekayo, ukuze kube lula futhi ukwazi ukuhlanganisa kalula. nabo nge-Arduino. Ishibhile, futhi ungayithola ezitolo ze-elekthronikhi noma kumapulatifomu afana ne-Amazon noma i-Aliexpress. Lapha ngenza izincomo:
