Umqondo wokuphatha ilabhorethri encane ukuze kuhlaziywe ukudla wawuzwakala njengendaba yesayensi eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Nokho, namuhla, amadivayisi aphathekayo akwazi ukubona izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, ukulinganisa ukwakheka kokudla, noma ngisho nokwembula ukukhwabanisa kokudla etafuleni lokudlela noma ekhishini lakho lasekhaya aseqala ukuvela.
Kulabo abaphila nokungezwani nokudla kanye nokungabekezelelani , lesi sithembiso sinamandla: akusadingeki bathembele kuphela kumalebula, kumamenyu ezindawo zokudlela, noma ezincazelweni zabasebenzi, kodwa bakwazi ukuziqinisekisa bona ukuthi yini ngempela ebafanele. Okungeziwe kulokhu ukuthambekela kobuchwepheshe okucacile: izinzwa ezincane kakhulu, omakhalekhukhwini abanamandla kakhulu, kanye namapulatifomu asekelwe efwini avumela amasu elebhu ukuba abe amathuluzi ansuku zonke.
Ilabhorethri ephaketheni yezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba: kusukela elabhorethri yobungcweti kuya epuletini
Ukuphatha impilo yansuku zonke ngokungezwani nokudla noma isifo se-celiac kuseyinselele enkulu, ngisho nakubantu abaqeqeshwe kahle nabanolwazi, ngoba ngisho nenani elincane le-allergen (i-gluten, ubisi, amantongomane, njll.) lingabangela ukusabela okubi kakhulu. Ukuhlola amalebula, ukubuza ngokuphindaphindiwe endaweni yokudlela, noma ukuthembela ezinqubweni zangaphandle akwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ukungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ochungechungeni lokudla.
Kulesi simo, amadivayisi afana ne-Allergen Alert Mini Lab aya ngokuya ethandwa. Lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ukuhlaziya ngqo isampula yokudla yangempela ngaphambi kokuba kudliwe. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifunda amabhakhodi noma izizindalwazi zezithako, lolu hlelo aluchazi ulwazi olubhaliwe; lusebenza nokudla ngokwako, into okwakugcinelwe amalabhorethri akhethekile kuze kube manje.
Umqondo ucacile: ukunikeza idivayisi ephathekayo enozwela olusezingeni lelabhorethri ukuze ibone, ngemizuzu embalwa nje, ukuba khona kwezinto ezithile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezifana ne-gluten noma amaprotheni obisi engxenyeni emele yesidlo. Umsebenzisi ubeka ucezu oluncane lokudla esitsheni esilahlwayo, alufake kudivayisi, bese enza zonke izinyathelo zokuhlaziya ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, i-Mini Lab isekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-immunoassays , ubuchwepheshe bokuxilonga obusetshenziswa kabanzi ngaphakathi kwe-vitro obusebenzisa ubudlelwano obuqondile kakhulu phakathi kwama-antibodies namaprotheni athile. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlonza izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ngisho noma amazinga aphansi kakhulu. Endabeni ye-gluten, umkhawulo wokubhekisela wokubhala umkhiqizo ngokuthi "ongenawo i-gluten" uvame ukusethwa ezingxenyeni ezingu-20 ngesigidi, kokubili emthethweni waseYurophu naseMelika, futhi umqondo uwukuthi idivayisi isebenze ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuzwela obufana nobelebhu.
I-Allergen Alert isekelwa ubuchwepheshe besayensi be- bioMérieux , umdlali omkhulu ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha kanye nokuphepha kokudla. Lobu budlelwano buchaza ukuthi kungani le divayisi ingacatshangwa njengethuluzi elilula labathengi, kodwa njengethuluzi elenzelwe ukuhumusha izinqubo zokuhlaziya eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe yifomethi ehlanganisiwe, ezenzakalelayo engasetshenziswa ngabantu abangenalo ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe okuthuthukisiwe.
I-Allergen Alert Mini Lab: ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi inikeza ini
I-Allergen Alert yethulwa njengedivayisi yokuqala ephathekayo ekwazi ukubona izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba noma i-gluten ngqo ekudleni okuphakelwayo ngokunemba kwezinga lelebhu. Ngokungafani nabafundi belebula noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizama ukuthola ukwakheka kwesitsha esithombeni, indlela yaso iqondile kakhulu: kuthathwa isampula, kucutshungulwe, bese kutholakala umphumela ocacile wekhwalithi.
Umsebenzisi uqoqa inani elincane lokudla bese elifaka esikhwameni noma ku-capsule okusetshenziswa kanye , elinelungelo lobunikazi futhi elithathwe kubuchwepheshe be-bioMérieux. Lesi sikhwama senza izigaba eziningana zokuhlaziywa kobungcweti zibe zincane futhi zenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo: ukulungiswa kwesampula, ukukhishwa kwamaprotheni, ukufuduka, ukusabela ngama-antibodies athile, ukutholwa, nokufunda.
Idivayisi eyinhloko, encane, elula, futhi esebenza ngebhethri, yamukela isikhwama, yenza ukuhlaziya, futhi inikeze umphumela ocacile ngemizuzu : ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-allergen eqondiwe, kanye nokuzwela okwanele ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwengozi empilweni yansuku zonke. Umgomo ukunciphisa ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi kube "isampula yokungena, umphumela ophumayo".
Lo mklamo unciphisa kakhulu ukungenelela ngesandla, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuguquguquka phakathi kokuhlolwa. Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganisa zonke izinyathelo emsebenzini owodwa olawulwayo kuthuthukisa ukuphindaphinda uma kuqhathaniswa nemichilo yokuhlola elula noma ezinye izinzwa ezizenzakalelayo kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipulatifomu yakhelwe ukuthi ikwazi ukulinganiswa: ngenkathi ukugxila kokuqala ku-gluten nobisi, kunezinhlelo zokumboza kancane kancane ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba phakathi kwezingu-14 eziphoqelekile ukumenyezelwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseYurophu.
Le nkampani imemezele izinhlelo zokuhweba ngezigaba , ngesigaba sokuthengisa esihleliwe kanye nemodeli yebhizinisi esekelwe ekuthengisweni kwedivayisi kanye nezikhwama ezilahlwayo, ezingathengwa ngazinye (ngentengo eqondiwe engaphansi kwama-$10 ngeyunithi ngayinye) noma ngokubhalisa, okuhloswe kubasebenzisi abadinga ukuhlaziywa njalo.
Isidingo sempilo yomphakathi: ukungezwani nokudla kanye nokuphepha kokudla ngaphandle
Ukungezwani nokudla akuseyona inkinga encane: kubhekwa njengenkinga yezempilo yomphakathi ekhulayo . E-United States, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-9 (abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-33) baphila nokungezwani nokudla, ngaphezu kwe-1% abanesifo se-celiac. Emhlabeni wonke, inani labantu abathintekile lingamakhulu ezigidi, futhi iminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo ivame ukwelapha amacala okusabela okukhulu.
Okukhathaza kakhulu imindeni eminingi akuzona nje izibalo, kodwa nokungabikezeleki kokusabela okubi kakhulu . Izigameko ezimbi kakhulu zenzeka ngaphandle kwekhaya, lapho ukulawulwa kwezithako, ukulungiselela, kanye nokungcola okuhlukahlukene kuncane kakhulu. Ngisho noma indawo yokudlela inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe, iqiniso ekhishini lingase lingahambisani ngokuphelele nalokho okuboniswa yimenyu.
Kulesi simo, ilabhorethri encane njenge-Allergen Alert's ibhekwa njengesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela . Umsebenzisi angahlaziya ngqo ingxenye yokudla asezoyidla, endaweni yangempela nangaphambi nje kokuyidla. Lokhu akususi ingozi—kuhlaziywa ingxenye encane kuphela yesidlo—kodwa umphumela omubi, uma uhunyushwa kahle, unganciphisa kakhulu ukungaqiniseki okubonakalayo.
Le ndlela ihambisana nezincomo zezinhlangano ezilawulayo ezifana ne- FDA , ezigcizelela ukuthi akukho sinyathelo esisodwa esanele ngokwaso nokuthi ukuvimbela kumele kwakhiwe njengohlelo olunezingqimba eziningi: imfundo, ukulawulwa kwezithako, ukulebula okufanele kanye, ngokuya ngokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa.
I-Allergen Alert nayo yazalwa emlandweni womuntu siqu we-anaphylaxis emndenini womsunguli wayo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokubona indodakazi yakhe ishaqeka yi-anaphylactic kwaholela ekubeni yakhe ikhambi elalizobuyisela ukulawula okuthile kubantu abahlushwa yi-allergy kanye nabanakekeli babo, okuguqula ukwesaba okuqhubekayo kube ukuzethemba okunengqondo okusekelwe kudatha.
Amanye amalebhu amancane: izinzwa, ama-spectrometer kanye namaphrojekthi e-iEAT
I-Allergen Alert ayiyona yodwa kule ndawo entsha yamadivayisi aphathekayo okuhlaziya ukudla . Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kuye kwavela amaphrojekthi amaningana ahlose ukukhulula ubuchwepheshe obabugcinelwe amalabhorethri amakhulu ngaphambili: kusukela ezinzwa ze-allergen kuya kuma-spectrometer amancane "afunda" ukwakheka kwama-molecule kwalokho okuphambi kwethu.
Enye yentuthuko ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu ivela eHarvard Medical School, enohlelo oluphathekayo olubizwa nge -iEAT (Integrated Exogenous Antigen Testing) . Lo mtholi olingana nephakethe ekuqaleni waklanywa ukuhlonza izinto ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zokungezwani komzimba (i-hazelnut, i-peanut, ubisi, ukolweni, neqanda) futhi uyakwazi ukusebenza ngamazinga okuthola aphansi ngisho nangaphezu kokuhlolwa okuningi okujwayelekile kwelebhu.
Ikhithi ye-iEAT iqukethe into engasetshenziswa ukukhipha izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba kusampula yokudla, isifundi esincane se-elekthronikhi, esifana neketanga lokhiye, esithatha isilinganiso bese sithumela idatha kuselula , kanye nohlelo lokusebenza olubonisa umphumela, kufaka phakathi ukuba khona kanye nenani elilinganisiwe le-allergen. Isikhathi sokuhlaziya esiphelele singaba yimizuzu eyishumi, kanye nokuzwela okungaphansi kwemingcele ebekwe yizikhungo zokuphepha kokudla.
Ekuhlolweni kwangempela ngezitsha neziphuzo zokudlela, i-iEAT ikwazile ukuthola i-gluten ku-salad kanye namaprotheni amaqanda kubhiya ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyishumi, okubonisa amandla ayo kokubili ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu kanye nemboni yokudla. Izindleko zayo ezilinganiselwayo (cishe amaRandi angu-40) nazo ziyenza ingabizi kakhulu kunezinzwa zangaphambilini ezigxile ku-allergen eyodwa.
Ngaphandle kokungezwani komzimba, kuvela izixazululo ezigxila kwezinye izici zekhwalithi yokudla, njengokonakala, ukukhwabanisa, noma okuqukethwe kokudla okunomsoco, okuhlanganisa izinzwa zokukhanya nama-algorithms athuthukile kanye namapulatifomu edatha abambisene.
I-SCiO, i-DietSensor kanye "nesithwebuli sama-molecule" esingangephakethe
Idivayisi eyodwa edale injabulo enkulu yi -SCiO , eyasungulwa yi-Israeli startup Consumer Physics. Iyi-spectrometer encane, ephathwa ngesandla eseduze ne-infrared (NIR) ekwazi ukulinganisa ukwakheka kwezinto nezinto ngaphandle kokuthintana ngqo, ngokumane ikhomba futhi idubule ukukhanya.
Uhlelo lusebenza ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-molecule lusabela ekukhanyeni ngendlela ephawulekayo, lukhipha isignature ebonakalayo engabanjwa futhi iqhathaniswe nedathabheyisi. Ngale ndlela, i-SCiO ingasiza ekuboneni ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, okuqukethwe kwamanzi, inani lamafutha noma ushukela, phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo, zokudla, izicubu, imithi, izimonyo, izitshalo, amaminerali, nokuningi.
Le phrojekthi ixhaswe ngempumelelo nge-Kickstarter, yaqoqa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili nesigamu zamaRandi, futhi yacatshangwa njengeplatifomu evulekile lapho isizindalwazi sikhula khona ngokubambisana nokuhlaziywa okwenziwa abasebenzisi ngokwabo. Umbono wesikhathi eside wabadali uhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe ngqo kuma-smartphone, isibonelo, kumojuli yekhamera.
Kusuka ku-SCiO, kuye kwavela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, njenge -DietSensor , nayo eyethulwe e-CES eLas Vegas. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa inzwa ye-SCiO nohlelo lokusebenza lweselula ukuze kuhlaziywe ukwakheka kokudla nezitsha ezilungisiwe, kulinganiswe okuqukethwe kwazo kwama-caloric kanye namanani okudla okunempilo. Kulabo abadinga ukuqapha ukudla kwabo izakhamzimba ezithile (isibonelo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela), umqondo uwukuba "nochwepheshe wezokudla wedijithali" ephaketheni labo.
I-DietSensor yazalwa ngenxa yesidingo sabazali abanendodakazi yabo eyatholakala inesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Njengoba kwakudingeka balawule ngokuqinile ukuba khona koshukela nezinye izakhi ekudleni kwayo, bacabanga ngelebhu encane eyayingahlaziya noma yikuphi ukudla ngaphambi kokuba indodakazi yabo ikudle. Le divayisi ithengiswa ngenkokhelo yesikhathi esisodwa yesikena kanye nokubhalisela kwanyanga zonke kwezici zohlelo lokusebenza oluthuthukisiwe.
Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-NIR spectroscopy esetshenziswa yi-SCiO kanye nemikhiqizo efanayo ifaneleka kakhulu ekulinganiseni ukwakheka okukhulu (izilinganiso zamanzi, amafutha, amaprotheni, njll.) kanye nokuthola izingxenye ezithile ekugxileni okungu-0,1-1%, kodwa inobunzima bokuxazulula amazinga aphansi kakhulu, njengalawo ezinto eziningi ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba noma ubuthi.
I-PhasmaFOOD kanye nezikena ezithuthukisiwe: ngale kwe-NIR
Njengoba iqaphela ukulinganiselwa kwe-spectroscopy eseduze kwe-infrared kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile, amaphrojekthi aseYurophu afana ne -PhasmaFOOD ahlola inhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa zokukhanya kudivayisi eyodwa ephathekayo exhuma kuselula. Umgomo ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa kwendawo ukuthola ukonakala kokudla, ama-mycotoxins, ama-aflatoxins, kanye nokukhwabanisa kokwakheka komkhiqizo.
I-PhasmaFOOD ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zezinzwa (ama-spectrometer amabili kanye ne-microcamera), kanye nemithombo yokukhanya eminingana, ohlelweni oluncane oluxhumana ngaphandle kwentambo nohlelo lokusebenza lweselula. Umqondo uwukuba nesithwebuli esilula umthengi angasisebenzisa ngokusikhomba ekudleni, kuyilapho ukucubungula okunzima kanye nokuhumusha idatha kwenziwa efwini kusetshenziswa isizindalwazi esibanzi sama-spectral.
Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi ludinga "ukuqeqeshwa" ngamasampula amaningi okubhekisela: isibonelo, izingcezu ezahlukene zenyama ezinamazinga ahlukahlukene omswakama namaprotheni, amaqoqo okusanhlamvu anamazinga ahlukene obuthi, njll., ukwakha amamodeli aqinile ezibalo angabikezela isimo noma ukwakheka kokudla okusha. Ukwehlukahluka okukhulu kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo yokudla kwenza lokhu kuqeqeshwa kube nzima kakhulu kunakweminye imikhakha efana nemithi.
Izinhloso eziyinhloko ze-PhasmaFOOD zifaka phakathi ukuthola ama-mycotoxins nama-aflatoxins kumantongomane kanye nokusanhlamvu, ukubikezela isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi komkhiqizo, kanye nokuhlonza ukukhwabanisa (izingxube zenyama, ukuxutshwa namakhemikhali angadalulwanga, njll.). Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nakho kuyahlolwa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho iziphuzo zomgunyathi noma ezingcolile ziyinkinga.
Iqembu elisekela i-PhasmaFOOD lihlanganisa izikhungo zocwaningo lokudla, izinkampani ze-ICT, abathuthukisi behadiwe ye-photonic, kanye namanyuvesi agxile ekucubungulweni kwedatha, ngenhloso yokuletha i-prototype esebenzayo emakethe nokwenza lawa masu athuthukile e-vibration spectroscopy afinyeleleke kalula kubasebenzisi abangebona ochwepheshe.
Ama-photometer amancane nama-photometer ephaketheni ekuhlaziyweni kokudla
Ngaphandle kwezinzwa eziphathelene nokungezwani komzimba noma ama-spectrometer e-NIR, kunezinye izinsimbi ezincane eziwusizo kakhulu ekuphepheni kokudla kanye nekhwalithi: ama-mini-photometer noma ama-pocket photometer . Lawa madivayisi avumela ukukalwa kokumuncwa kokukhanya noma ukudluliselwa kwamaza athile ezixazululweni zoketshezi, okuholela ekujuleni kwezinto zamakhemikhali.
Enguqulweni yayo yelabhorethri, i-photometer iyithuluzi elivamile lokunquma ukuhlushwa kwama -ion ensimbi, ama-organic compounds, amaprotheni, noma ama-nucleic acid kusampula. Ukwenziwa buncane kwalobu buchwepheshe kuholele kuma-miniphotometer aphathekayo alula futhi angabizi kakhulu, awusizo kakhulu kokubili ekuhlolweni kwensimu kanye nasema-laboratory anesikhala esincane noma isabelomali esincane.
Emkhakheni wokudla, la madivayisi avumela ukukalwa kwezakhamzimba, amavithamini, amaminerali, kanye nezithasiselo ekudleni naseziphuzweni, kanye nemingcele efanele ekuhlaziyweni kwamanzi (i-chlorine, ama-nitrate, ama-nitrite, ama-phosphate, njll.) noma ukulinganiswa kokungcola kusetshenziswa inzwa yokungcola . Asetshenziswa futhi ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi yezimboni, emalabhorethri emitholampilo, kanye nocwaningo, lapho kudingeka khona imiphumela ethembekile nephindaphindwayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa njalo ama-benchtop spectrophotometers abizayo kakhulu.
Ama-mini-photometer alinganiswa ngokwezindinganiso ezaziwayo futhi aba amathuluzi ahlukahlukene emikhakheni eminingi. Nakuba engashintshi amadivayisi akhethekile e-allergen noma e-spectroscopy, ayingxenye yesistimu yemishini ephathekayo yokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-biological eshintsha indlela yokulawulwa kokuphepha kokudla okubhekwa ngayo.
Inhlanganisela yazo yobukhulu obuncane, ukusebenziseka kalula kanye nesilinganiso esihle sokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kuzenza zikhange kochwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqapha ezemfundo noma ezemvelo, okuhambisana "nama-pocket laboratory" amasha agxile kumaprotheni kanye nokwakheka kwama-molecule.
Ukulinganiselwa, okulindelwe okungokoqobo kanye nekusasa lama-pocket laboratory
Nakuba ithuba lokuxazulula izinkinga zokungezwani nokudla noma zokukhwabanisa nge-pocket scanner elula lingase likhange, kubalulekile ukugcina amathemba angokoqobo . Akukho divayisi yamanje enikeza iziqinisekiso eziphelele: konke kuncike ekutheni isampula ithathwa kanjani, ukufana kokudla, uhlobo lokucubungula okuye kwadlula kukho, kanye nemikhawulo yobuchwepheshe yobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlolwa kwe-allergen immunoays, izici ezifana nokuqina kwamaprotheni ngemva kokupheka, ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha kusuka kuma-matrices ayinkimbinkimbi (amasosi, izitsha ezinezithako eziningi), kanye nekhwalithi kanye nokucaciswa kwama-antibody konke kudlala indima. Ukuzwela okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokucaciswa kungatholakala elabhorethri, kodwa amazinga okunemba angahluka ezindaweni zangempela.
Izixazululo eziningi ezichazwe, okuhlanganisa ne-Allergen Alert Mini Lab, zisaqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni futhi azinazo izincwadi ezibuyekezwe ontanga ezichaza izilinganiso ezifana nokuzwela, ukucacisa, noma amazinga angemahle nangamahle ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, zethulwa njengamathuluzi okusekela izinqumo, hhayi njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha noma iziqinisekiso eziphelele zokuphepha.
Emkhakheni we-NIR spectroscopy, amadivayisi anjenge-SCiO noma i-PhasmaFOOD scanner abhekene nenselele yokwakha nokugcina izizindalwazi ezinkulu nezanele . Imodeli eqeqeshwe ngamasampula ambalwa kuphela ohlobo oluthile lomkhiqizo ingahluleka uma ibhekene nokwehluka kwemvelaphi, ukucubungula, noma ukwakheka okungacatshangelwanga.
Naphezu kwakho konke, lo mkhuba ucacile: siya ohlelweni lokuphepha kokudla olusabalalisiwe nolubandakanyayo , lapho abathengi bengeza khona ulwazi olusemthethweni ngokuhlaziya kwabo. Isihluthulelo kuzoba ukuhlanganisa la mathuluzi nemfundo yokudla okuhle, ukwahlulela okunengqondo, kanye nezeluleko ezivela kochwepheshe bezempilo lapho kunezimo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokungezwani komzimba okukhulu noma isifo se-celiac.
Uma kubhekwa konke, ukuhlangana kwe-miniaturized immunoassays, i-portable spectroscopy, i-pocket photometry, kanye namapulatifomu edatha yamafu kukhomba ikusasa lapho ukuphatha "i-pocket laboratory encane yokuhlaziya ukudla" kuzoba yinto evamile kakhulu—elinye ithuluzi lokunquma ukuthi sidla nobani, kuphi, nokuthi sidlani, ukunciphisa ukwesabisa okungadingekile nokunikeza abantu ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nalokho abakubeka epuletini labo.
