Namuhla, ukulinganisa isisindo kanye namandla okunembile kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, kanye nasemakhaya kanye namaphrojekthi ocwaningo. Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi iyini inzwa yokulinganisa isisindo nokuthi isebenza kanjani ne- HX711 module ukudala izikali zedijithali ezinembile kakhulu, usufike endaweni efanele. Lapha, sizohlukanisa zonke izici, kusukela kumbono kuya ekusebenzeni, ukuze uqonde yonke imininingwane futhi ufunde ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani isistimu yakho yokukala.
Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwama -strain gauge, kanye namamojula afana ne- HX711, kuye kwaba yinto ethandwa kakhulu ekudaleni izikali ezenziwe ekhaya, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya, ngisho nokuhlolwa kwesikole. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lezi zingxenye ziyathengeka, ziyahambisana namapulatifomu afana ne-Arduino, futhi zivumela izilinganiso ezisezingeni lobuchwepheshe nezithembekile uma zilinganiswe kahle. Ake sibheke konke isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, kusukela ekusebenzeni okuyisisekelo kuya ekuhlanganisweni nasekuhleleni.
Iyini i-strain gauge futhi isebenza kanjani?
Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
I -strain gauge iyinzwa ye-piezoresistive eguqula ukuguquguquka (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusuka ekucindezelweni, ekucindezelweni, noma ekucindezelweni) ibe ushintsho ekumelaneni kukagesi, okusivumela ukuthi silinganise ngokungaqondile amandla noma isisindo esisetshenziswa endaweni. Lesi sici siyisisekelo sokutholwa komthwalo kumaseli omthwalo wanamuhla.
Ekwakhiweni kwayo okuyisisekelo, igeyiji yokucindezela yakhiwa intambo yensimbi encane kakhulu efakwe ngaphakathi kwefilimu yokunamathela. Lapho isakhiwo esinamathiselwe kuso sikhubazekile, intambo iyanwebeka noma iyacindezela, ishintshe ukumelana kwayo. Lolu shintsho, nakuba luncane, luhambisana namandla asetshenziswayo futhi lungalinganiswa ngogesi.
Umphumela we-piezoresistive ku-strain gauge ubangela ukuthi ukumelana kwawo kwande lapho weluliwe futhi wehle lapho ucindezelwe. Lokhu kuvumela umzamo womzimba ukuthi uguqulwe ube isignali kagesi elinganiswa kahle.
Lezi zigeji zobunzima ngokuvamile zinamanani okumelana ajwayelekile njenge- 120Ω, 350Ω, noma i-1000Ω , futhi izinguquko ezibangelwa ukuguqulwa zincane kakhulu: isibonelo, ukuhlukahluka okungu-0.12Ω kuphela kusuka ku-120Ω kwemithwalo ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kohlelo lokukhulisa nokulinganisa olufanele, lokhu kuhlukahluka okuncane kungaba nzima ukukubona.
Iseli yokulayisha: ukusetshenziswa kwamageji obunzima
Iseli lomthwalo liyi-transducer esebenzisa ama-strain gauge ukuguqula amandla omshini abe amasignali kagesi . Isimiso sokusebenza silula: i-strain gauge eyodwa noma ngaphezulu inamathele esakhiweni sensimbi esenzelwe ukuguquguquka ngendlela ebikezelwayo ngaphansi komthwalo. Uma kusetshenziswa isisindo, isakhiwo siyashintshashintsha, ama-strain gauge ayashintshashintsha, bese kukhiqizwa isignali kagesi ehambisana nokucindezeleka.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli omthwalo (ama-hydraulic, ama-pneumatic, ama-strain gauge, njll.), yize kuma-electronics kanye nezinhlelo ezifakiwe ezivame kakhulu yi-strain gauge. Ukwakheka kwayo okuqinile kuvumela ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuzinza.
Amaseli ayahlukahluka ngobukhulu, ukuma, umthamo, kanye nokuhlelwa komshini, kusukela kwabancane anesisindo samagremu kuya kwezinguqulo zezimboni ezinesisindo samathani.
Ngaphakathi, iningi lamaseli omthwalo lifaka ama-gauge ohlobo lwe-1, 2 noma 4 akha ibhuloho le-Wheatstone , isekethe kagesi ezwela ukushintshashintsha okuncane kokumelana.
I-Wheatstone Bridge: Imfihlo Yokuzwela
Ibhuloho le -Wheatstone liyisekethe enama-resistor amane ahlelwe ngesikwele , lapho elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kungaba ama-strain gauge. Uma kungekho mthwalo, isekethe ilingana futhi akukho mehluko ongaba khona phakathi kokuphuma kwayo. Lapho ama-strain gauge eguquguquka, lokhu kulingana kuyaphazamiseka futhi kuvela umehluko we-voltage obonakalayo , obonisa umthwalo osetshenzisiwe.
Lokhu kulungiselelwa kwandisa ukuzwela kwezinguquko ekumelaneni futhi kuvumela ukutholakala kokushintshashintsha okuncane, okungenakwenzeka ukuthwebula ngenye indlela.
Ezilinganisweni zasekhaya noma zaselabhorethri, kuvamile ukusebenzisa amageji amane akha ibhuloho eliphelele le-Wheatstone, njengoba kunjalo ngezikali eziningi zokugezela kanye nezinkundla zokukala. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa amaphutha okushisa futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana nokunemba.
Kungani sidinga imojula ye-HX711?
Nakuba ibhuloho iWheatstone landisa ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi, izinguquko zincane kakhulu (ngokulandelana kwama-microvolts). Ama-microcontroller afana ne-Arduino awakwazi ukuwabona, ingasaphathwa eyokwenza izilinganiso ezinembile.
Imodyuli ye -HX711 iyi-chip eyenzelwe ngqo izinhlelo zokulinganisa ezinamaseli omthwalo we-strain gauge, okwenza kube lula ukufunda ngokunembile.
I- HX711 isebenza njenge- amplifier yezinsimbi kanye ne-converter ye-analog-to-digital engu-24-bit (ADC) . Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko yilokhu:
- Thola isignali ehlukile evela ebhulohweni le-Wheatstone.
- Yikhulise ukufunda kalula.
- Iguqule ibe isignali yedijithali enokulungiswa okuphezulu ukuze i-microcontroller ikwazi ukuyicubungula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HX711 ifaka isikhombimsebenzisi esilula sedijithali esinamaphinikhodi angu-2 kuphela (Iwashi nedatha), afana nebhasi le-I2C, okwenza kube lula ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nesofthiwe.
Izici ze-HX711 module
I- HX711 ivelele ngokuzwela kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ezinye zezici zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukunemba kwe-24-bit ukuthola izinguquko zesisindo esincane.
- Ukukhulisa isignali okudidiyelwe nokuhlelekayo (imvamisa i-x128 noma i-x64).
- Amashaneli amabili azimele wokufaka we-analog.
- Isixhumi esibonakalayo sedijithali esinamaphinikhodi angu-2 (Idatha ye-Serial kanye newashi le-serial).
- Ukondla kwe 2,6V ukuze 5,5V, iyahambisana ne-Arduino nezinye izilawuli ezincane.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
Imojula ivamise ukuza nemigqa emibili yamaphini: eyodwa yokuxhuma kuseli yokulayisha kanye neyesilawuli esincane.
Lezi zikhonkwane zivame ukulebula: E+, E-, A+, A-, VCC, GND, DT, SCK . Izintambo ezijwayelekile zamaseli omthwalo yilezi:
- Bomvu: Ukujabula okuhle (E+ / VCC)
- Omnyama: Injabulo engalungile (E- / GND)
- Okumhlophe: Okukhiphayo okungalungile (A-)
- Luhlaza: Okukhiphayo okuhle (A+)
Izinhlobo zokuxhuma nokulayisha okuhlukile kwamaseli
Izintambo ezijwayelekile zamaseli wokulayisha zinezintambo ezine, nakuba imibala ingahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi. Ezinye izinguqulo ezishibhile noma ezigaywe kabusha zinezintambo ezintathu, kuyilapho ezithuthuke kakhulu zifaka ucingo lwesihlanu oluphuzi noma oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lokuvikela noma ukubeka phansi.
Kumaphrojekthi asekhaya, amaseli omthwalo avame kakhulu angama -5 kg ​​noma ama-20 kg , yize kunezinguqulo ezifika kuma-50 kg noma ngaphezulu zezicelo zezimboni.
Ukuze kuxhunywe amaseli amaningi omthwalo, njengasezikalini zendlu yokugezela, kusetshenziswa imodyuli yokuhlanganisa noma uxhumano olwenziwa ngesandla, oludinga ulwazi lukagesi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela isiqondiso somcibisholo kuseli yomthwalo ukuze kulinganiswe kahle, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ephakathi ihlala icacile nokuthi ukuguqulwa kwayo kulungile.
Ukuhlanganisa isikali sedijithali: izinto zokwakha nokuxhumana
Ukuze wakhe isikali sedijithali esinama-strain gauges kanye ne-HX711, uzodinga:
- I-microcontroller (Arduino UNO, Nano, Mega, ESP8266, njll.).
- Okungenani iseli elilodwa lomthwalo (1kg, 5kg, 20kg… njengoba kudingeka).
- Idatha ye-HX711
- Indawo eqinile yesikhulumi.
- Amakhebula, izixhumi nezikulufu.
Ngokuzithandela, ungakwazi ukwengeza:
- Isikrini se-LCD noma isibonisi ukukhombisa isisindo.
- Izinkinobho ze-tare nemodi.
- Izisekelo noma amapuleti esakhiwo.
- Izingxenye zokuxhuma ezifana ne-WiFi noma i-Bluetooth ene-ESP8266/ESP32.
Izixhumanisi zilula:
- Xhuma izintambo zamaseli kumaphini we-HX711: Okubomvu kuya ku-E+, Okumnyama kuya ku-E-, Okumhlophe kuya ku-A-, Okuluhlaza kuya ku-A+.
- I-VCC ne-GND ye-HX711 kuya ku-5V kanye ne-GND yesilawuli esincane.
- I-DT ne-SCK ye-HX711 kuya kumaphini wedijithali (isibonelo 3 no-2).
- Faka iseli esakhiweni, uqinisekise ukuthi indawo emaphakathi kuphela ehlala ikhululekile ukuze kulinganiswe kahle.
Ukuhlela nge-Arduino nokulinganisa isikali
Ukuze ufunde idatha, kusetshenziswa umtapo wolwazi we-HX711 kaBogde , otholakala ku-Arduino IDE Library Manager. Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ifaka:
- qala(pinData, pinClock): qala imojuli.
- imisebenzi: usetha isisindo esiyiziro emsebenzini we-tare.
- set_scale(scale): ichaza isici esiguqula ukufundwa kube amayunithi esisindo.
- funda() / read_average(n): thola ukufundwa okuluhlaza noma okumaphakathi.
- get_value(n): ibuyisela ukufundwa ngaphandle kwesisindo se-tare.
- thola_amayunithi(n): inikeza isisindo esilungiswe ngesilinganiso kanye ne-tare.
Ukulinganisa kuhilela ukubeka isisindo esaziwayo esikalini, ukuthatha ukufundwa, nokubala isici sesikali: isikali = ukufunda / isisindo sangempela . Lesi sici sibe sesifakwa kukhodi ukuze kulungiswe ukufundwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Kunconywa ukuthatha izilinganiso eziningi futhi ulungise isici sesikali kusiqaphi sochungechunge ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile futhi ezinzile.
Izinhlelo zesampula zesikali sedijithali nge-HX711 ne-Arduino
Isibonelo esilula esibonisa isisindo ku-serial monitor singaba:
#faka phakathi "HX711.h" #define CALIBRATION 20780.0 // Faka esikhundleni nge-value byte pin yakhoData = 3; i-byte pinClk = 2; Ibhalansi ye-HX711; i-void setup() {Serial.begin(9600); balance.begin(pinData, pinClk); balance.set_scale(CALIBRATION); balance.tare(); } iluphu engenalutho() {Serial.print("Isisindo samanje:"); I-serial.print(balance.get_units(10), 1); I-serial.println("kg"); ukubambezeleka (500); }
Isistimu ingathuthukiswa ngokungeza isibonisi se-LCD, izinkinobho, noma ukugcina isikali ku-EEPROM ukuze sikale ngokushesha nangokunembile, kuzuzwe ulwazi oluchwepheshile.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo
1. Ukwehluka kwemibala yentambo: qinisekisa ukuxhumana usebenzisa ishidi ledatha noma ngokulinganisa ukumelana. Ngokuvamile, umbhangqwana onokumelana okuphezulu uhambelana nokukhuthaza (+/-).
2. Ukufundwa okungaguquguquki: Shintshanisa izintambo zokukhipha u-A+ no-A- uma izilinganiso zibonakala ziguqukile noma zingaguquki.
3. Ukuqina kwemishini: Qiniseka ukuthi iseli liqinile kahle nokuthi ingxenye ephakathi yesakhiwo kuphela esekela isisindo ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha.
4. Umsindo nokuphazamiseka: Sebenzisa izintambo ezimfushane nezivikelwe uma kungenzeka, futhi ugcine uhlelo kude nemithombo yomsindo kagesi.
5. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa: amageyiji ohlobo lwe-strain ayazwela ezinguqukweni zokushisa; uma kungenzeka, yenza ukulinganisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezizinzile noma sebenzisa amaseli ane-strain gauge ezine.
Ukunwetshwa kanye nokusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwesistimu
Ngesistimu yakho yokusebenza, ungakwazi ukwengeza izici:
- Bonisa isisindo esikrinini se-LCD.
- Setha izexwayiso ngemikhawulo yesisindo.
- Ixhume emafini nge-ESP8266/ESP32 ukuze igadwe ngesilawuli kude.
- Yisebenzise ekuhloleni, ekulinganiseni kwesithako, ezishintshayo, ezishintshayo zasekhaya, njll.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HX711 kusiza amaphrojekthi ezemfundo, ukulawulwa kwempahla, izikali zezentengiselwano, isilawuli sesilinda segesi, neminye imibono eminingi yokudala.
