Enhliziyweni yedolobha lasendulo PompeiiLapho ukuqhuma kwe-Vesuvius ngo-79 AD kwangcwaba yonke into ngaphansi komlotha ne-pumice, umlingiswa oyinhloko omusha ujoyine ithimba lezokongiwa kwemvelo: a irobhothi eliqondiswa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ekwazi ukusiza ekubuyiseleni imidwebo eqoshiwe eyaphihlizwa ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla amashumi eminyaka.
Kude nesithombe se-archeology yakudala esekelwe kuphela kuphalethi nebhulashi, le phrojekthi ihlanganisa amarobhothi athuthukile, ama-algorithms e-AI, nezindlela zokubona ngekhompyutha ukuhlela kabusha izingcezu njengokungathi i-jigsaw puzzle eyisikhumbuzo, enezinkulungwane zezingcezu ezilimele futhi akukho "isithombe sebhokisi" esibonisa umphumela wokugcina.
Ilabhorethri yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu enhliziyweni yePompeii
Uhlelo lwamarobhothi luyingxenye ye LUNGISA, isifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi "Reconstruction of the Past", iphrojekthi yocwaningo exhaswe ngabakwa I-European Union esiguqule indawo yepaki yemivubukulo yaba ilabhorethri yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esetshenziswa kumagugu.
Ngokusho kwalabo abaphethe uhlelo, i-platform ifakiwe ku- Indlu yaseRustic, ibhilidi lombuso elingaphakathi kwe-Archaeological Park yase-Pompeii esiye salungiswa futhi sashintshwa ukuze sigcine okokusebenza kwesayensi okudingekayo, kusukela ezingalweni zerobhothi ukuya kumasistimu wokuthwebula nokucubungula izithombe.
Umdidiyeli wephrojekthi, uProfessor Marcello Pelillo, wase-Ca' Foscari University of Venice, ugcizelela ukuthi lesi sinyathelo sihlanganise ndawonye "imihlaba eyayibonakala ikude kakhulu" komunye nomunye: ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasu aphambili kakhulu ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namarobhothi; ngakolunye, i imivubukulo yendabuko kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo wezimpahla zamasiko.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, inhloso ikabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqhubekela phambili ukwakhiwa kabusha ngokomzimba kwamafrescoNgakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi angasetshenziswa kwezinye izingosi namamnyuziyamu e-Italy, eSpain nakulo lonke elaseYurophu, lapho izinkulungwane zezingcezu zinqwabelana kumadiphozithi alindele ukufundwa.
Lisebenza kanjani irobhothi elixazulula izindida
Isistimu eklanywe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-REPAIR iqukethe izingalo ezimbili ezifanayo zamarobhothiifakwe ku-torso evamile, ifakwe izinzwa zokubona okuvumela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kocezu ngalunye kanye nendawo yaso esikhaleni esizotholakala.
Ingalo ngayinye iphetha ngohlobo lwe "isandla esithambile" sesakhiwo esivumelana nezimoekwazi ukubamba izingcezu ezintekenteke kakhulu ngokubambelela okuthambile, enciphisa ubungozi bokulimala okwengeziwe ezindaweni esezilinyazwe ukuqhuma, ukuhamba kwesikhathi futhi, kwezinye izimo, ngamabhomu eMpi Yezwe II.
Uhlelo lokusebenza luqala nge- ukwenziwa ngedijithali kwezingcezuIzithombe ezinemininingwane zithathwa kucezu ngalunye futhi zigcinwe ohlelweni lwekhompyutha. Isebenzisa lolu lwazi, ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa azama "ukuxazulula" iphazili ngokuhlaziya imiphetho, umhlobiso, imibala, umumo, kanye nokufana okungenzeka phakathi kwezingcezu.
Uma isofthiwe isiphakamise isisombululo esingaba khona, sithunyelwa ku- inkundla yehadiwelapho izingalo zerobhothi zibeka izingxenye endaweni ebaliwe. Lo mhlangano ozenzakalelayo uvumela izinhlanganisela zokuhlola ngokushesha okukhulu kunomsebenzi owenziwe ngezandla.
U-Pelillo ufingqa inselele ngokukhumbuza wonke umuntu ukuthi iyindida. "iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu"ngamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezingcezwana, ezivame ukuwohloka kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi isithombe sokugcina sizobukeka kanjani, okuphoqa i-AI ukuthi isebenze ngokuyimpumputhe, ngaphandle kwemodeli yereferensi ephelele.
Imifanekiso eqoshiwe eyisithonjana: kusukela eNdlu yabadwebi kuya ku-Schola Armaturarum
Isigaba sokuhlola irobhothi sigxile kumasethi amabili omkhiqizo omusha ocatshangelwayo uphawu lwamagugu omhlaba nokuthi babesesimweni sokuqhekeka ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla zaleli paki.
Esokuqala sihambisana uphahla lwamakamelo amaningana eNdlu yabadwebi Abasebenza Esiqhingini Sabathandi Abamsulwa (evame ukubizwa nangokuthi i-House of the Painters in Action), yonakaliswa ukuqhuma kweVesuvius futhi yaqhunyiswa yaba yizicucu amabhomu athinta iPompeii phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
Iqembu lesibili lemisebenzi amafrescoes we I-Schola Armaturarum, ibhilidi elihlobene nezinhlangano ze-gladiator, ukuwa kwayo ngo-2010 kwashiya umhlobiso waso osodongeni wonakele kakhulu futhi ongakavuselelwa ngokugcwele.
Womabili amasethi aveza ngqo uhlobo lwenkinga le phrojekthi efuna ukuyisingatha: izinkulungwane zezinsalela ezihlakazekileenezikhala, izindawo ezigugulekile nezingcezu ezixubile ezingase zibe ezemisebenzi ehlukene, into eyenza kube nzima kakhulu umsebenzi wabahlaziyi.
Njengoba umqondisi wePompeii Archaeological Park echaza, UGabriel ZuchtriegelUkwakheka okuyingqayizivele nokuhlobisa kwengcezu ngayinye kuvumela ukuthi konke kuhlanganiswe kabusha, kodwa "akekho umuntu ongakwenza yedwa" lapho esebenzelana nenani elikhulu kangaka lezinto ezilimele, ngakho usizo lobuhlakani bokwenziwa luba ukhiye.
I-AI kanye nemivubukulo: ukusebenzisana, hhayi ukushintshwa
Naphezu kokuvelela kwemithombo yezindaba yerobhothi, abaphathi be-RePAIR bayakugcizelela ukuthi Ubuchwepheshe ayihloselwe ukuthatha indawo yabavubukulikodwa ukubasekela komunye wemisebenzi ehamba kancane futhi ekhungathekisa kakhulu yomsebenzi wabo: ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kwezinto ezihlukene.
Ukuze uqeqeshe uhlelo, ithimba lidale izifanekiso zokwenziwa zezingcezu Ngokusekelwe kumamodeli enziwe edijithali, irobhothi lingazijwayeza ngezingxenye okungezona ezangempela phakathi nesigaba sokuhlola, okunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kokusebenza kwangempela.
I-interface ethuthukisiwe ivumela ochwepheshe ekudwebeni kwezithombe ezidongeni nokubuyiselwa sebenzisana nohlelo, qinisekisa noma ulungise izixazululo ezihlongozwe yi-AI futhi unikele ngesinqumo sabo esisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nesitayela, amasu kanye nesithonjana.
Eceleni komsebenzi nerobhothi, ithimba lochwepheshe abavela kwa Inyuvesi yaseLausanneLiholwa nguProfesa Michel E. Fuchs, leli thimba selichithe iminyaka lithuthukisa uhlelo lokufunda nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezandla, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwe-morphological, stylistic kanye nobuchwepheshe besiqephu ngasinye, esihlanganiswe nemiphumela ekhiqizwa umshini.
Le ndlela ye-hybrid - ukuhlanganisa ukubala okuzenzakalelayo nolwazi lomuntu- Kuvela njengesibonakaliso semiklamo ye-Europe yesikhathi esizayo ezindaweni zemivubukulo nakumamnyuziyamu, lapho ukusebenzelana phakathi kwezifundo kuzovame kakhulu.
Iphrojekthi yaseYurophu enomthelela ngale kwe-Italy
I-REPAIR yethulwe ngo Septhemba 2021 futhi ididiyelwe yi-Ca' Foscari University of Venice, ngokubamba iqhaza kwabaningana Izikhungo zocwaningo zaseYurophu nezikhungo, kuhlanganise ne-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) kanye ne-Pompeii Archaeological Park ngokwayo njengendawo eyinhloko yokuhlola.
Iphrojekthi ixhaswe ngabakwa I-European UnionLokhu kuqinisa isici somphakathi sohlelo olungagcini nje ekuxazululeni udaba oluthile e-Pompeii, kodwa olufisa ukubeka izisekelo zamathuluzi amasha asebenzayo amagugu amasiko kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuhlanganise naleyo egcinwe eSpain.
Iminyuziyamu, amapaki emivubukulo, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izinto zobuciko eziyizicucu zingazuza eminyakeni ezayo kusukela izindlela ezithuthukisiwe Kulesi sivivinyo, siguqule ama-algorithms namarobhothi kuya ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokusekela: hhayi ama-fresco kuphela, kodwa nezinto zobumba zobumba, ezibaziweyo, noma izakhi zezakhiwo.
Ezinqolobaneni zezindawo eziningi zokuvubukula zaseYurophu, zigcinwa izinkulungwane zezingcezu ezisazohlanganiswa kabusha okuthi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhathi nezinsiza zabantu, azikwazanga ukufundwa ngokujulile. Uma ubuchwepheshe bufakazela ukuthi bunokwethenjelwa, bungasheshisa kakhulu izinqubo zokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba, ukwakha kabusha, nokubhala imibhalo.
Abasekeli balolu hlelo bayagcizelela, nokho, ukuthi noma yikuphi ukukhishwa okubanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngakho izindlela eziqinile zokonga nokuqaphaukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi nama-algorithms akuphazamisi ubuqotho bemisebenzi yasekuqaleni.
Imivubukulo yekusasa: izinselele kanye namathuba
Esinye sezici eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zephrojekthi uhlobo lwento irobhothi elisebenza ngayo: izingcezu ezingaphelele, ezigugulekile nezixubileokuvame ukumelela ingxenye encane kuphela yomsebenzi wasekuqaleni, okushiya izikhala ezinkulu ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zigcwaliswe ngokuphelele.
Ama-algorithms kufanele futhi abhekane ne- ukungaqiniseki ngomsuka oqondile zezingcezu eziningi: nakuba zigcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina ezifanayo, zingase zihambisane namakamelo ahlukene, izikhathi ezihlukene noma ngisho nezakhiwo eziqhelelene kakhulu, okuphoqa uhlelo ukuba lulahle inhlanganisela ebonakala ilungile kodwa engalungile.
Ukuze ulawule lobu bunzima, onjiniyela baphendukele ku amasu okubona kwekhompyutha athuthukile nokufunda komshini, okukwazi ukuhlola kanyekanye umumo, ukujiya kokhonkolo, iphethini yokuhlobisa, imibala kanye nokuqhubeka okungenzeka phakathi kokushaywa kanye nezithombe zezithombe.
Umqondisi walesi siqiwu, uGabriel Zuchtriegel, ubona lo mkhakha womsebenzi njengokubuka kuqala okungaba imivubukulo yesikhathi esizayoLapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzodlala indima eyinhloko hhayi nje kuphela ekwakhiweni kabusha kwamafresco, kodwa nasekuphathweni kwedatha, imibhalo yokumba kanye nokudala amamodeli abonakalayo afinyeleleka emphakathini.
Inqubekelaphambili efinyelelwe ePompeii—enye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu zokuvubukula emhlabeni—ingasebenza njengombukiso wokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi afanayo kwezinye izindawo zaseYurophu, ikhuthaze inethiwekhi yokusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhungo ezabelana ngobuchwepheshe, isizindalwazi, namaphrothokholi asebenzayo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaleli robhothi eliqondiswa yi-AI e-Pompeii kukhombisa lokho, uma kuhlangene ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, nolwazi lwemivubukuloKungenzeka ukubuyisela leli fomu—futhi ngokwengxenye nomlando—emisebenzini eyayibonakala ilahliwe ukuthi ihlale ihlukene phakathi emabhokisini ezimpahla, okuvula indlela ethembisayo yokongiwa kwamagugu e-Italy, eSpain nakulo lonke elaseYurophu.