Ubuchwepheshe be-hyperspectral imaging sensor buya ngokuya budlondlobala emikhakheni efana nezolimo, izimboni, imithi, kanye nokuphepha, ngenxa yekhono labo lokubona ngale kokubonakalayo. Nakuba igama layo lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenza kwalo kusekelwe ezimisweni ze-optical ezivumela izinto zokwakha nezinto ezibonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zazo ze-spectral.
Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ukuthi iyini ngempela inzwa yesithombe se-hyperspectral, ukuthi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa ezifana nezinzwa eziningi, izici zazo zobuchwepheshe, nezinhlelo zazo eziyinhloko. Sizophinda sihlole izinzuzo ezinikezwa lobu buchwepheshe nezinselele zabo zamanje.
Iyini inzwa yesithombe se-hyperspectral?
Un inzwa ye-hyperspectral Kuyidivayisi ekwazi ukuthwebula izithombe eziqukethe imininingwane enemininingwane evela kumakhulu amabhendi e-spectral ngokuqhubekayo, ngokuvamile ebangeni le-electromagnetic spectrum esuka ku-spectrum. i-ultraviolet (350 nm) kuze kube eduze naphakathi kwe-infrared (kufika ku-2500 nm).
Okwenza lobu buchwepheshe buhluke ukuthi Iphikseli ngayinye esesithombeni esikhiqiziwe iqukethe i-spectrum ephelele, okuvumela izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuthi zikhonjwe “ngesiginesha” yazo eyingqayizivele. Lawa masignesha e-spectral abonisa izici zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zento ebonwayo, okwenza inzwa ye-hyperspectral ibe ithuluzi elinembile nelingelona ukonakalisa ukuhlonza okunemininingwane nokuqapha kwezinto, izindwangu, noma izinto.
I-hyperspectral imaging isebenza kanjani?
La isithombe se-hyperspectral Kubandakanya ukuthwebula nokucubungula ulwazi oluvela ku-electromagnetic spectrum eboniswa noma ekhishwa izinto. Inzwa ihlukanisa le spectrum ibe inqwaba yamabhendi ahlanganayo emincane kakhulu, ikhiqize isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu esaziwa nangokuthi I-cube ye-hyperspectral, enobukhulu obubili bendawo kanye ne-spectral dimension eyodwa.
Le "cube" ivumela ukuhlaziywa kokuqina kokukhanya kumaza wamaza ahlukene wephikseli ngayinye esithombeni. Lokhu kubangela iphrofayili ye-spectral eyingqayizivele yephuzu ngalinye elibukiwe, okunikeza amandla amakhulu okubandlulula phakathi kwezinto ezingase zibonakale zifana neso lenyama.
Isicelo esicacile singaba thola ingxenye ebolile yesithelo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuyisika, njengoba izakhiwo ze-spectral zezicubu ezinempilo nezonakele zihlukile ngisho noma zingabonwa ngokubonakalayo.
Ihluke kanjani kuzinzwa eziningi?
Izinzwa ze-Multispectral nazo zithwebula ulwazi lwe-spectral kodwa zenza kanjalo ngenani elilinganiselwe lamabhendi, ngokuvamile 5 a 10, okungahlangene ngempela. Lawa mabhendi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amabhendi abonakalayo (abomvu, aluhlaza, naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) namanye amabhendi aseduze ne-infrared.
Izinzwa ze-Hyperspectral, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zirekhoda amakhulu amabhendi amancane kakhulu futhi ahlangene, okunikeza a ukulungiswa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-spectral. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinzwa ze-hyperspectral zingakwazi ukukhomba ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali noma uhlonze izinto ezinezici ezifanayo kakhulu, into ebingeke yenzeke ngezinzwa eziningi.
Izinzuzo kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe zobuchwepheshe be-hyperspectral
Izinhlelo ze-Hyperspectral zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezizenza zihluke ezinhlelweni ezithuthukisiwe:
- Isilinganiso sokungeyena othintana naye: Njengoba lawa angamakhamera, ulwazi lungathathwa ngaphandle kokuthi uthinte into.
- Indlela engonakali: into ayishintshiwe noma yonakaliswa lapho ihlaziywa.
- Ukucaciswa okuphezulu: ivumela ukuhlukanisa ngokulinganayo ukuhluka okuncane phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo kakhulu, sibonga ukulungiswa kwayo okuphezulu kwe-spectral.
- Amathuba okulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela: Kunezixazululo ezikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule futhi uhlaziye izithombe ngokushesha, ngisho nasezindaweni zezimboni.
- Ukuhlukahluka ezimeni zokukhanyisa: Angalungiselelwa ukusebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhanyisa, ezifana ne-infrared noma ukukhanya okulawulwayo.
Ngokuqondene ne ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiweKunezinye izindlela eziningana. Amanye amakhamera asebenzisa izihlungi ze-interferometric zohlobo lwe-Fabry-Perot ezisetshenziswa ngqo kuzinzwa, ezivumela isistimu ukuba yenziwe ibe mincane, inciphise izindleko, futhi iyenze iphatheke kalula. Abanye basebenzisa amasu okuskena njenge "push-broom", okuhlanganisa ukuthwebula umugqa wento ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuhambisa inzwa ukuze yakhe isithombe esiphelele.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Spectral kanye nendawo
Esinye sezici ezinamandla kakhulu zezinzwa ze-hyperspectral ukuphakama kwazo ukulungiswa kwe-spectral, okuvumela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaza ngamaza ngokuhlukana okuncane kakhulu, ngisho 10 kuya ku-20 nmLokhu kuhumusha kumthamo omkhulu wokubona amasignesha e-spectral.
Nokho, le nzuzo ngokuvamile ihambisana a ukulungiswa kwendawo ephansi, njengoba inani ledatha inzwa edinga ukuthwebula liyakhuphuka ngokungezwa kwamabhendi amaningi we-spectral. Ngokuphambene, izinzwa ze-multispectral ngokuvamile zinamabhendi ambalwa kodwa ziwathwebule ngokulungiswa kwendawo okukhulu.
Usayizi, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha nokuba yinkimbinkimbi
Umthamo wolwazi owenziwe yizithombe ze-hyperspectral mkhulu kakhulu. Lena idatha enezinhlangothi ezintathu edinga i- ukucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesofthiwe ekhethekile. Lokhu kuhlaziya kuvame ukufaka amasu we amakhemikhali noma ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuze akhombe amaphethini kumasiginesha e-spectral.
Ngakho-ke, enye yezinselelo zamanje zalolu buchwepheshe yi- ukugcinwa okuphumelelayo kanye nokuhlaziywa okusheshayo kwedathaNgenhlanhla, izixazululo eziningi ziyavela ezenza lawa mathuluzi abe lula ukuwasebenzisa, ngisho nasezilungiselelweni zezimboni noma zasensimini.
Nini ukusebenzisa izinzwa ze-hyperspectral ngokumelene ne-multispectral?
Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zobuchwepheshe kuncike enjongweni yokugcina. izinzwa eziningi ngokuvamile kushibhile, kuyashesha ukukusebenzisa futhi kuncane kakhulu, okubenza bafanelekele imisebenzi lapho imininingwane ye-spectral eyeqisayo ingadingeki.
Nokho, uma ukuhlaziywa kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu nokuhlukanisa okuhle phakathi kwezinto zokwakha, njengoba kunjalo ku-biomedicine, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi noma ukuhlonza kwe-mineralogical, khona-ke inzwa ye-hyperspectral ifaneleka kakhulu.
Ezimweni eziningi, kokubili ubuchwepheshe bungahlanganiswa ukuze busebenzise izinzuzo zabo.
Izicelo eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-hyperspectral imaging
Izinzwa ze-Hyperspectral zinohlu olukhulayo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi:
- Ezolimo nezilimo: ukuhlolwa kwempilo yezitshalo, ukutholwa kwezifo noma ukucindezeleka kwamanzi, ukuhlaziya umsoco, kanye nokwenza imephu yezinhlobo.
- Imboni yokudla: ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okungahlanyisi, ukutholwa komzimba wangaphandle, ukuhlaziya umsoco kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuzenzakalelayo.
- Imithi kanye ne-bioscience: ukuhlaziya izicubu, ukuxilongwa okungeyona into ephazamisayo, ukutholwa kwamanxeba noma ukungahambi kahle kwamaselula.
- Izimayini kanye ne-geology: ukuhlonza amaminerali okunembile, imephu yediphozi, nokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi.
- Ukulawulwa kwemvelo: ukutholakala kokungcola emanzini nasemoyeni, ukuqapha amaxhaphozi noma imililo.
- Ezokuphepha nokuzivikela: ukutholwa kwezinto ezifihliwe, izinto zamakhemikhali noma ukubhekwa okuthuthukile.
- I-Archeology kanye nobuciko: ukuhlaziywa kwe-pigment, ukulondolozwa kwemisebenzi kanye nokutholwa komgunyathi.
- Imboni yezemithi: ukulawula inqubo kanye nokuqinisekisa umkhiqizo.
Ubuchwepheshe obufakiwe emakethe
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe kanye nemikhiqizo esungule izixazululo ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo:
- I-Nireos HERA: Isebenzisa i-spectroscopy ye-Fourier transform (FT), ihlinzeka ngokunemba okuphezulu kwe-spectral nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinyakazayo zezimboni.
- I-HAIP-Black: Ithembele kubuchwepheshe be-“push-broom” obunokujwayela kwezindawo ezimile nezinhlelo eziphathwayo, njengamakhamera aphathwayo noma amasistimu ashumekwe kuma-drones.
- SILIOS: Isebenza ngokukhethekile kumakhamera e-multispectral yohlobo lwesifinyezo avumela amabhendi amaningi ukuthi ashuthwe kanyekanye ngenxa yezihlungi ezinamaphikiseli ku-CMOS noma izinzwa ze-InGaAs.
Ngenxa yale ntuthuko, lobu buchwepheshe buya ngokuya buvumelana nezimo, buvumelana nezimo, futhi bufinyeleleka emikhakheni eminingi.
Ukwamukelwa kwezinzwa ze-hyperspectral emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kumelela ithuba lokusungula izinto ezintsha ezivumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha okunembe kakhudlwana nokujulile, okusiza izinqumo ezinolwazi olungcono nezithuthukisiwe zomkhakha ngamunye.
