Lokho okwakubhekwa njenge- uhlelo lokuphepha olulula lokuqapha umfutho wamathayi Sekuyisikhungo sempikiswano ngokuqapha kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu. Uphenyo lwaseYurophu oluholwa yiMadrid luthi lezi zinzwa zivumela, empeleni, landelela buthule ukunyakaza kwezinkulungwane zezimoto ngaphandle kokuba abanikazi bazo bathole.
Umsebenzi, oqhutshwa yi- Isikhungo saseMadrid sezifundo ezithuthukisiwe Amanethiwekhi e-IMDEA Kanye nabalingani abaningana abavela kuleli zwekazi, kukhomba ingozi eyayicishe ingabonakali: izimpawu ezingenantambo zohlelo lokuqapha umfutho wamathayi (TPMS) Zidluliselwa ngaphandle kokubethela futhi ngezihlonzi ezihlukileLokhu kuvula ithuba lokuthi noma ubani onemishini elula angayakha kabusha. izinhlelo zokushayela, amashejuli kanye nemikhuba.
Iyini i-TPMS futhi kungani ikhona cishe kuzo zonke izimoto?
El Uhlelo Lokuqapha Ukucindezeleka Kwamathayi (TPMS) Sekuyimishini ejwayelekile ezinqoleni zezimoto. Ku- I-European Union iyimpoqo ezimotweni ezintsha zabagibeli kusukela ngo-2014, kulandela ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane okwaqala ngo-2012 ngamamodeli amasha, futhi obekulokhu kudingeka e-United States kusukela maphakathi nawo-2000. Umgomo wayo osemthethweni ucacile: ngcono ukuphepha emgwaqeni, nciphisa ukuqhuma, thola ukubhoboka ngesikhathi futhi uthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Ezimotweni ezihlonyiswe nge-TPMS eqondile, Isondo ngalinye linenzwa encane ngaphakathi kwethayiLe divayisi ilinganisa ingcindezi, futhi ezimweni eziningi, izinga lokushisa, futhi ithumela ulwazi njalo kwikhompyutha esebhodini ngesignali yomsakazo. Uma ingcindezi yehla ngaphansi kwemingcele ethile, iqoqo lezinsimbi ukukhanya kwesixwayiso kuyakhanya ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukuhlola amasondo.
Lezi zinhlelo sezivele zikhona. cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili isetshenziswe emakethe ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kokuxhumana kwabo okungenantambo. Lapho beklanywa, into eyayibalulekile kwakuwukuqinisekisa izaziso zomshayeli ezithembekile, hhayi ukuvikela kakhulu ulwazi oluhamba emoyeni. Lokho kuntuleka kokugxila ku- ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwezimoto Yilokho kanye abacwaningi abakushoyo manje.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa, njengoba kwenza ithimba le-IMDEA uqobo, phakathi I-TPMS eqondile nengaqondileIzinhlelo eziqondile zisebenzisa izinzwa ezikhipha amaza omsakazo ngakho-ke zingabanjwa. Izinhlelo ezingaqondile zibala ingcindezi evela kwezinye izinhlelo ezifana ne-ABS noma ukulawula ukuzinza. azikhiqizi izimpawu ezibonakalaNgakho-ke, abavezi le nkinga efanayo yokulandelela.
Ukutholakala kwe-IMDEA Networks: izigidi zezimpawu kanye nezimoto ezingu-20.000
Ukuze kuhlolwe izinga i-TPMS engasetshenziswa ngalo njengethuluzi lokuqapha, abacwaningi kwa-IMDEA Networks benze ucwaningo. isifundo sensimu samasonto ayishumiPhakathi naleso sikhathi, basebenzise i- inethiwekhi yokwamukela umsakazo engabizi kakhulu ezindaweni ezibalulekile: izingxenye zomgwaqo, izindawo zokungena nezokuphuma, izindawo zokupaka ezivulekile kanye nezindawo zokupaka.
Ngamunye walabo abamukelayo, imininingwane yeqembu, ibiza cishe $100 (cishe ama-euro angu-90-100) futhi ingasebenza ngehadiwe engabizi kakhulu njenge- I-Raspberry Pi kanye nemoduli yomsakazo elulaNgaleyo ngqalasizinda encane, bakwazile ukuqoqa imiyalezo engenantambo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha okuvela nxazonke 20.000 izimoto ezahlukene.
Idatha eqoqwe yayihlanganisa kokubili ulwazi olusebenzayo mayelana nohlelo — ikakhulukazi ukufundwa komfutho wamathayi— njengenye into ebucayi kakhulu: a isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele esihlotshaniswa nenzwa ngayinyeNgokuhlaziya la makhodi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nasezindaweni ezahlukene, ithimba likwazile phinda wakhe kabusha amaphethini okunyakaza kwezimoto ezithile.
UDomenico Giustiniano, uprofesa wocwaningo kwa-IMDEA Networks kanye nomunye wababhali baleli phepha, ufingqa ububanzi benkinga: "Lezi zimpawu zingasetshenziswa ukulandelela izimoto nokufunda amaphethini azo okunyakaza."Kusukela lapho, umuntu angaphetha ngokuthi onkhe nsuku zonke njengezikhathi zokufika emsebenzini, ukuvakasha okuphindaphindiwe ezindaweni ezithile, noma imikhuba yokuhamba ibanga elide.
Abacwaningi baqhubekela phambili futhi Bathuthukise izindlela zokuhlanganisa izimpawu ezivela emathayini amane emoto efanayo.Lokhu kubhanqa amasondo kuvumela ukuhlonza okuhle kakhulu, kunciphisa amaphutha kanye ukuthola ngokunembile ukuthi imoto ifika nini, ishiya, noma iphinda imizila nini endaweni yasemadolobheni noma ephakathi kwamadolobha.
Kungani izimpawu ze-TPMS zilungele ukulandelela
Esinye sezici ezibucayi kakhulu zenkinga ukuthi i-TPMS Akudingi umugqa wokubonaNgokungafani namakhamera omgwaqo noma izifundi zamapuleti elayisensi ezizenzakalelayo, izimpawu zomsakazo ezikhishwa yizinzwa zihamba emoyeni futhi Zingadlula ezindongeni, kwezinye izimoto, kanye nezakhi zesakhiwo. kalula, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola isignali ngisho noma imoto ingabonakali.
Ekuhlolweni okwenziwe, ithimba le-IMDEA libonise ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-TPMS Zibanjwa zisuka ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-50kokubili izimoto zihamba futhi uma zisebenza ipakwe ngaphakathi kwezakhiwoNgamanye amazwi, i-receiver ebekwe emgwaqweni noma emnyango wendawo yokupaka emboziwe ingalalela izimoto ezidlulayo kanye nalezo ezipakwe ngaphakathi.
Isici esibalulekile ukuthi inzwa ngayinye yokucindezela idlulisa I-ID elungisiwe neyingqayiziveleLeso sihlonzi asishintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi asixhomekile kupuleti lelayisensi noma kumshayeli; empeleni, kuyi- “ipuleti lelayisensi elingenantambo” okuhambisana nemoto impilo yayo yonke. Njengoba ingavikelwe ngamasu okusebenza ukubethela noma ukuqinisekiswaIngathathwa yinoma ubani onomshini wokwamukela ofanele.
Ngaphezu kokuhlonza, ozimele bedatha bahlanganisa ukufundwa kwengcindeziUma ubheka kuqala, kungase kubonakale sengathi ulwazi alubalulekile, kodwa uma luhlanganiswe nezinye izinto, lusenza sikwazi ukuphetha ngemininingwane efana nokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto ilula noma inzima, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivame ukuhamba ithwele noma ingenalutho, noma ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemoto yomgibeli neloli ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zokucindezela kanye nokuziphatha kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Konke lokhu kwenza i-TPMS ibe ithuluzi lokuqapha elinezinzuzo eziningana kunezinhlelo ezisekelwe ezithombeni. Akuxhomekile ekukhanyeni noma indawo yamakhamera, akudingi ukucutshungulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokubona futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, Kushibhile futhi kuyimfihlo.Inethiwekhi yezinkampani ezincane ezisabalele kulo lonke idolobha ingaqopha ukudlula kwezimoto izinyanga ngaphandle kokuphakamisa izinsolo.
Kusukela ekuphepheni komgwaqo kuya ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi okulindile
Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi umgomo wokuqala we-TPMS uwukuthi futhi uhlala ukhona. Nciphisa izingozi ezibangelwa amathayi agugileInkinga ayikho emsebenzini, kodwa ekwakhiweni kwezokuxhumana.I-TPMS yenzelwe ukuphepha emgwaqweni, hhayi ukuphepha kwe-cyber."Kukhumbula umcwaningi uYago Lizarribar, owahlanganyela ocwaningweni ngesikhathi sakhe e-IMDEA Networks."
Njengamanje, iningi le- Imithethonqubo yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi iyasebenza ezimotweni eYurophu Igxila ezinhlelweni ezixhunyiwe ezibonakalayo: amayunithi e-telematics, izibuyekezo zesofthiwe, ukuxhumana kweselula, ukufinyelela okukude, njalo njalo. Kodwa-ke, izinzwa ezibhekwa “njengokuphepha”, njengomfutho wamathayi, akukhulunywa kangako emibhalweni yemithetho.
Lokhu kuntuleka kwezidingo ezithile kusho ukuthi izingxenye eziningi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa amaphrothokholi ombhalo ocacilengaphandle kokubethela noma izindlela zokuqinisekisa ezincane. Ithimba le-IMDEA lifingqa ingozi ngokucacile: uma nje izinzwa ziqhubeka nokudlulisa izihlonzi ezingavikelekile nezihleliwe, Bazoqhubeka nokuba yisisulu esilula sokuqapha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla ngabantu besithathu.
Ukuqhubekela phambili okuqhubekayo emotweni exhunyiwe, futhi kwezinye izimo, ezenzakalelayo kwandisa indawo eveziwe. U-Alessio Scalingi, owayengumfundi weziqu zobudokotela e-IMDEA futhi okwamanje unguprofesa eCarlos III University of Madrid, ugcizelela ukuthi Idatha ebonakala ingenangozi ingaba izihlonzi ezinamandla uma iqoqwa ngezinga elikhuluAkukhona nje ngemoto eyodwa ethile, kodwa mayelana imephu yokugeleza kokuhamba okuphelele ezindaweni eziseduze, emapaki ezimboni noma ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
Kulesi simo, i-TPMS ikhombisa inkinga ebanzi: Izinzwa eziningi zezimoto zazalelwa endaweni ye-analog.Lobu buchwepheshe, obunokuxhumana okulinganiselwe, buhlanganiswe kumapulatifomu edijithali akhula ngokushesha ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa okuningiliziwe kokuphepha. Umphumela uba ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe lapho amamojula aphephile kakhulu ehlala khona namanye aqhubeka nokuxhumana njengoba enza eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule.
Izingozi ezengeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okunonya okungenzeka
Ngale kokulandelela imizila ngendlela ehlelekile, ucwaningo lukhomba kwezinye izindlela ezingase zingathandeki zokusebenzisa lezi zimpawu. Iqiniso lokuthi i-TPMS idlulisela ulwazi oluvulekile lenza kube nokwenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe, isibonelo, faka imiyalezo engamanga ezibonisa ukubhoboza noma ukwehla kwengcindezi ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungenza phoqelela ukuma okungalindelekile yomshayeli endaweni ethile.
Nakuba lezi zimo zingazange zibe yimbangela yocwaningo lwe-IMDEA, kukhulunywa ngazo ngokuthi izimo zokuhlasela ezicatshangelwayo Lokhu kubonisa indlela ezinye zezinhlelo zikagesi zemoto ezivezwe ngayo. Umhlaseli onolwazi olwanele angabangela izexwayiso zokucindezela ezingekho endaweni ethile emgwaqweni, kanye nemiphumela yokuphepha kanye nokuhleleka komphakathi lokhu okungase kuhilele.
Kukhona futhi ukukhathazeka ngokuthi, endabeni yezimoto zokuthutha noma izimoto zokulethwa, inhlanganisela Izihlonzi ze-TPMS namaphethini okushaja Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukubona ukuthi iloli livame ukulayishwa nini, ukuthi lilandela ziphi izindlela, noma ukuthi lisengozini enkulu nini. Ezinkampanini nasezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, lokhu kuvula ingxoxo mayelana ukuvikelwa kolwazi lwezokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi inkinga ayiyona eyezwe elilodwa kuphela. Njengoba kunjalo Ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwe-TPMS kuthinta ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu kanye nezinye izimakethe ezithuthukile.Indawo yokulandelela engaba khona ihlanganisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezimoto. Kusukela eSpain kuya kwamanye amazwe angamalungu, izigidi zezimoto, amaveni, namaloli okwamanje zisemgwaqweni zinezinzwa zokucindezela amathayi ezihlanganyela ukwakheka okufanayo kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kuphakama umbuzo wesilinganiso: lokho umuntu ofunda ama-amateur angakwenza ngobuchwepheshe ngomuntu othola imali eshibhile, Kungenziwa futhi ngumlingisi onezinsiza ezengeziwe. kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ebanzi yezinzwa. Yingakho ithimba ligcizelela ukuthi inkinga yokuklama uhlelo, hhayi inkinga yamacala ahlukene.
Yini ehlongozwayo ukuvikela ubumfihlo babashayeli?
Ngenxa yalesi simo, iqembu le-IMDEA Networks liphakamisa izindlela eziningana zokwenza. Okokuqala, okunengqondo cishe evamile emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, faka ukubethela kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwedijithali kuya ekukhishweni kwe-TPMS. Ukubethela okuqukethwe kuzovimbela umuntu wesithathu ekuchazeni idatha yokucindezela nokuhlonza imoto, kuyilapho izindlela zokuqinisekisa zizokwenza kube nzima ukufaka imiyalezo engamanga.
Enye inketho ecatshangelwayo yile Gwema ukusebenzisa izihlonzi ezimileEsikhundleni se-ID eqondile ehlotshaniswa nenzwa yokuphila konke, umuntu angasetshenziswa ukuhlonza okujikelezayo noma ukushintsha amagama angamangaLokhu kufana nalokho okwenziwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kanye nezinqubo zobumfihlo zokuxhumana okungenantambo. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe umuntu ubengathatha isignali, bekuzobiza kakhulu. ukulandela umkhondo wemoto efanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ithimba likhuthaza futhi abakhiqizi ukuthi buyekeza izakhiwo ezikhona futhi ucabangele, lapho kungenzeka khona, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezingaqondile noma imiklamo exubile ukunciphisa ukuncika kuma-radiofrequency abonakalayoKunoma ikuphi, abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi lezi zinguquko azinakwenziwa ngobusuku obubodwa, njengoba zithinta izingxenye ezivunyiwe kanye nezintambo zokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalawuli baseYurophu nabezwe lonke bayanxuswa ukuba kufaka phakathi ngokusobala izinhlelo ezifana ne-TPMS emithethweni yokuphepha kwe-cyber yezimotoUmqondo uwukuthi izidingo akufanele zikhawulelwe kumayunithi abonakala kakhulu, njengokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi yemoto, kodwa kunalokho futhi zifaka izinzwa ezithumela ulwazi ngomsakazo, ngaphandle kokuxhunywa kunethiwekhi yeselula.
Ngokombono womsebenzisi wokugcina, okwamanje kuncane kakhulu indawo yokushintsha indlela. Abashayeli abakwazi ukuyinqamula ngokusemthethweni i-TPMS, njengoba iyingxenye yezinhlelo zemoto. imishini edingekayo yokuphepha emgwaqweniFuthi abanayo indlela elula yokwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwesistimu olusetshenziswa yimoto yabo noma ukuthi ulwazi ludluliselwa kanjani. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi ikhambi liseku ukusebenza embonini kanye nomthethonqubokunokuba kudluliselwe umthwalo wemfanelo kumsebenzisi.
Ucwaningo lwe-IMDEA Networks lugcizelele ukuthi ingxenye eyenzelwe ukuxwayisa ngokubhoboza ingaguqulwa, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe, ibe yi- umthombo oqhubekayo wedatha ngendawo kanye nemikhuba yokushayelaKuze kube yilapho izinyathelo zokuzivikela zingeniswa ekwakhiweni nasezindinganisweni zaseYurophu, izinzwa zokucindezela zizohlala ziyisibonelo esicacile sendlela ubuchwepheshe bezimoto, noma ngabe bubonakala buvamile kangakanani, Kungaba nomthelela oqondile ebumfihlweni balabo abaqhuba..
