Uma uzizwa sengathi i-WiFi yakho ayisebenzi kahle, ngezinye izikhathi Iyandiza, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyakhasa.Kusobala ukuthi inkinga akuyona "i-inthanethi," kodwa kunalokho ama-bands neziteshi ezingenantambo ezisetshenziswa yinethiwekhi yakho. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi konke lokhu kungaqondwa (futhi kuthuthukiswe) ngaphandle kokuba unjiniyela wezokuxhumana.
Emigqeni elandelayo uzobona ngendlela ephelele ukuthi zisebenza kanjani 2,4, 5 kanye ne-6 GHz amabhendiZiyini ngempela iziteshi ze-WiFi, zihlangana kanjani, yimiphi imikhawulo yezomthetho ekhona eSpain naseYurophu, konke lokhu kuthinta kanjani isivinini kanye nokumbozwa, iyiphi indima edlalwa yizindinganiso ezifana ne-Wi-Fi 4/5/6/6E/7, nokuthi yini ongayenza ngokuzijwayeza ukukhetha isiteshi esingcono kakhulu kanye nebhendi efanele esimweni ngasinye.
Ayini ama-band e-WiFi futhi yiziphi izinketho ezitholakalayo namuhla?
"Ibhendi" ye-WiFi iyingcezu yomsakazo okugcinelwe amanethiwekhi angenantambo. Ngaphakathi kwalelo bhendi, amaza ahlukaniswe iziteshi ezincane. EYurophu, okwamanje sinezibhendi ezintathu ezinkulu ezivame ukusetshenziswa kwi-WiFi: 2,4 GHz, 5 GHz, kanye ne-6 GHz, ngaphezu kweziphakamiso ezintsha njenge-Wi-Fi HaLow kumaza angaphansi kwe-GHz e-IoT.
Ibhendi le I-2,4 GHz Yayiyiyokuqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi nge-Wi-Fi. Inikeza ukumbozwa okubanzi kanye nokungena okuhle ezindongeni, kodwa iminyene kakhulu futhi isivinini esiphezulu siphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Yindlela eyisisekelo cishe wonke amadivayisi axhumeka kuyo.
Neqembu le- I-5 GHz Kufike intuthuko enkulu kumthamo: ububanzi be-spectrum, iziteshi ezengeziwe, ikhono lokusebenzisa iziteshi ezingu-40, 80, kanye ne-160 MHz, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane okuvela kwamanye amadivayisi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukumbozwa kwehla ngokushesha futhi isignali ingena ezinkingeni ngendlela engaphumeleli kahle.
Ibhendi le I-6 GHzYethulwe nge-Wi-Fi 6E futhi isetshenziswa ngokugcwele yi-Wi-Fi 7, lena inguqulo yakamuva kakhulu: inikeza inani elikhulu le-spectrum etholakalayo, iziteshi eziningi ezingahlangani, kanye nokuminyana okuncane kakhulu okwamanje, kodwa futhi inebanga elifushane kakhulu kanye nokungena okubi kakhulu ezindongeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eYurophu, ingxenye kuphela yale spectrum evunyelwe, okunciphisa inani leziteshi ezitholakalayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-United States.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zintathu, umsebenzi usuqalile kakade ngezindinganiso ezifana nokuthi I-Wi-Fi HaLow, eyehla iye kumaza angaphansi kwe-GHz ukuze ifinyelele amabanga amakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu, okwenzelwe ikakhulukazi izinzwa kanye ne-IoT, yize ingakasabalali emakethe yasekhaya.
Ibhendi ye-WiFi engu-2,4 GHz: ukumbozwa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuncintisana okuningi
Ibhendi le I-2,4 GHz isukela cishe ku-2.412 kuya ku-2.472 MHz EYurophu, yiyona endala kunazo zonke futhi yiyo yonke imizila eza nayo ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-bandwidth esebenzisekayo icishe ibe yi-83,5 MHz futhi ihlukaniswe iziteshi eziyi-13 zethiyori (kwamanye amazwe kunesiteshi esengeziwe, inombolo 14, esingasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni eYurophu).
Isiteshi ngasinye "esijwayelekile" sihlukaniswe yi-5 MHz kuphela kwesinye, kodwa isignali ye-WiFi ivame ukuhlala kuyo. I-bandwidth yangempela engu-20 MHzUmphumela: iziteshi eziningi ziyadlulana. Uma amanethiwekhi amabili edlulisa esiteshini esifanayo, ayaxhumanisa futhi abelane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa; kodwa uma eseziteshini ezahlukene, ezidlulanayo, azibona njengomsindo, aphazamisane, futhi yehlisa ijubane kakhulu ukuthi uma babelane ngesiteshi.
Ngakho-ke, ebhendini le-2,4 GHz kuneziteshi ezintathu kuphela ezizimele ngempela ze-20 MHz: I-1, i-6 ne-11Abasebenzi abaningi bavale i-firmware yama-router abo ukuze bakwazi ukukhetha phakathi kwalezo zintathu kuphela, okunciphisa kakhulu izinkinga zokuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi.
Empeleni, ibhendi engu-2,4 GHz icindezelwa yome ngokwezindinganiso I-Wi‑Fi 4 (802.11n) y I-Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)I-Wi-Fi 4 yethule iziteshi ze-40 MHz ozikhethela zona kubhendi ye-2,4 GHz (ngokujoyina iziteshi ezimbili ezingomakhelwane), kodwa ezindaweni ezinezindawo zokufinyelela eziningi noma omakhelwane abaningi, lokhu kulungiselelwa cishe njalo kuwumqondo omubi, ngoba ayikho indlela yokuvimbela iziteshi ezimbili ze-40 MHz ukuthi zingahlangani kule bhendi encane.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-2,4 GHz ukuthi Ifinyelela kude futhi ingena kangcono ezindongeni nasophahleni kune-5 kanye ne-6 GHz. Yingakho ihlala ilungele ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, izinzwa, amadivayisi amancane e-IoT, amaphrinta e-WiFi, kanye namadivayisi angabizi adinga kuphela i-bandwidth ephansi kodwa embozwe kahle.
Izinzuzo zebhendi engu-2,4 GHz
Imfanelo eyinhloko yaleli qembu ukuthi ukumbozwa okubanzi ngamandla aphansiIfinyelela ezindaweni lapho i-5 GHz ihluleka khona, ngakho-ke uma uxhuma usuka emakamelweni akude ne-router, ngokuvamile yiyona kuphela inketho ezinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamandla amakhulu okungena: izindonga, ophahleni, kanye nefenisha kuyithinta kancane kunemibhede ephezulu.
Elinye iphuzu elinamandla yi ukuhambisana kwendawo yonkeCishe wonke amadivayisi asebenzisa i-WiFi athengiswe eminyakeni engama-20 edlule asebenza ngebhendi engu-2,4 GHz. Amadivayisi ashibhile ngokuvamile awasekeli i-5 GHz ukuze anciphise izindleko, anamathela kuphela kule bhendi.
Ukusetshenziswa okufana nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, izinzwa, amakhamera athumela idatha encane noma amadivayisi athumela i-telemetry kuphela, ibhendi engu-2,4 GHz ugcwalisa ukuphumula futhi ikuvumela ukuthi umboze izindlu zonke ngaphandle kokuthanda ama-extender noma izinhlelo ze-mesh.
Izinkinga ezivamile kanye nezinkinga ku-2,4 GHz
Isithende esikhulu kunazo zonke se-Achilles sebhendi yi- ukugcwala okunonyaAkuzona nje kuphela amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi omakhelwane bakho aphazamisayo, kodwa futhi ngoba abelana ngemvamisa nezinye izinto eziningi zobuchwepheshe: i-Bluetooth, amanye amafoni angenazintambo, abalawuli, amagundane namakhibhodi, ama-baby monitor, amakhamera angabizi, ama-microwave, nokunye okuningi. Azisebenzisi i-Wi-Fi zonke, kodwa zonke zihlanganyela isikhala somoya esifanayo futhi zingaphazamisana.
Ngenxa yalokho, isivinini sangempela esitholakalayo sivame ukuba sincane: yize indinganiso ivumela okwengeziwe, ezindaweni zangempela ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele uxhumano oluhlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma kuyi-fiber yesivinini esikhulu. izinga elisebenzayo livame ukwehla kakhulu ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zemfundiso.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kukhona iziteshi ezimbalwa kakhulu eziwusizo (1, 6 kanye no-11 uma ufuna ukugwema ukugqagqana), ngakho-ke uma isiteshi sigcwele futhi ufuna ukushintsha, awunazo ezinye izindlela eziningi ezingagcwele ngokulinganayo.
Ngakho-ke, into ehlakaniphile kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukubhukha i-2,4 GHz ukuze amadivayisi akude ne-router noma anezithiyo eziningibese ukhetha i-5 noma i-6 GHz noma nini lapho kungenzeka kumadivayisi adinga isivinini esihle noma ukubambezeleka okuphansi.
Ibhendi engu-5 GHz: isivinini esengeziwe kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane kwezindonga
Ibhendi ye-5 GHz imboza, kuye ngesifunda, kusukela cishe 5180 kuya ku-5825 MHz Ukusetshenziswa kwe-WiFi, kuhlukaniswe ngamabhulokhi amaningana abizwa ngokuthi i-U-NII (Ingqalasizinda Yolwazi Kazwelonke Engenalayisensi). Leli yibhendi abathembele kuyo kakhulu. I-Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) y I-Wi-Fi 6, futhi ibonakala ngokuba neziteshi eziningi kanye nethuba lokusebenzisa ama-bandwidth angu-40, 80 ngisho no-160 MHz.
Ngokubanzi, okulandelayo kuyatholakala ku-5 GHz: Iziteshi ezingu-25 ze-20 MHz, ezingu-12 ze-40 MHz, ezingu-6 ze-80 MHz kanye nezingu-2 ze-160 MHz (yize ukutholakala kwangempela kuncike ezweni kanye nemikhawulo ye-DFS). Lokhu kuvumela ukwakheka kwamanethiwekhi anesivinini esikhulu, anamandla aphezulu kubasebenzisi abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ibhendi ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziteshi eziningana, ngalinye linemithetho yalo:
- I-U-NII-1 (iziteshi 36-48): lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iziteshi eziphansi", ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi endlini, ngaphandle kwe-DFS, ezinobubanzi obungu-20/40/80 MHz.
- I-U‑NII‑2A (iziteshi 52-64): ngaphansi kwe-DFS kanye ne-TPC (ukulawula amandla okuzenzakalelayo), ngoba zabelana nge-spectrum nama-radar.
- U‑NII‑2C / U‑NII‑2e (iziteshi 100-140): futhi ngaphansi kwe-DFS/TPC, esetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu endlini nangaphandle.
- I-U-NII-3 (iziteshi 149-165): "iziteshi eziphakeme", ngaphandle kwe-DFS, ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ngamandla amakhulu, kodwa inemikhawulo kuye ngezwe.
EYurophu, kukhona nemikhawulo ethile: iziteshi ezithile (ezifana ne-144 noma ezinye ezingaphezu kwe-140) azivumelekile ngokomthetho, ezinye zidinga isikhathi eside sokulalela ngaphambi kokudlulisa uma ama-radar eseduze, futhi amandla avunyelwe ayahlukahluka ngokweqembu elincane. Le mingcele ilawulwa yi- Imithethonqubo ye-ICTAma-router amaningi kalula Bafihla iziteshi ezithile eziyinkinga ukugwema ikhanda elibuhlungu kumsebenzisi.
Kuyini i-DFS futhi kungani i-WiFi yakho ishintsha iziteshi "zodwa"?
Ku-5 GHz, ingxenye enkulu ye-spectrum yabelwana ngayo ama-radar esimo sezulu, ama-radar asezikhumulweni zezindiza, kanye nezinhlelo zempiUkuze kuvinjelwe i-WiFi ekuphazamiseni abasebenzisi, kwadalwa i-DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection). Uma i-router isebenzisa isiteshi esine-DFS, kuyadingeka ukulalela isiteshi isikhathi esithile (isibonelo, imizuzwana engama-60, noma ngisho nemizuzu eyi-10 kwezinye izingxenye) ngaphambi kokuqala ukudlulisa, bese uqhubeka nokuhlola njalo.
Uma ithola iphethini yeradar, i-router kufanele shintsha isiteshi ngokushesha futhi uthathe wonke amakhasimende nawo. Uma imishini yakho isekela i-DFS kahle, ngeke uqaphele ukuphazamiseka okuncane; uma ingasebenzi kahle noma amanye amadivayisi engaqondi kahle izimpawu zendawo yokufinyelela, ungase ubone ukuphazamiseka okuncane noma ukunqanyulwa okubonakala "kuwumlingo".
Abanye abakhiqizi bamadivayisi ashibhile bamane bakhethe ukwenza kanjalo ayisekeli iziteshi ze-DFS kuma-chipset awo angu-5 GHz, ngakho lawa madivayisi awakwazi ukubona noma ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi esebenzisa i-U-NII-2/2e. Kulezi zimo, agcina exhuma kuphela ku-2,4 GHz noma kumashaneli aphansi/aphezulu ngaphandle kwe-DFS.
Izinzuzo zebhendi engu-5 GHz
Okukhangayo okuyinhloko yi- isivinini esikhulu kanye nokuminyana okuncaneNgenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube neziteshi ezingu-80 no-160 MHz, i-Wi-Fi 5 no-6 zingafinyelela amazinga okudlulisa aphezulu kakhulu, okwanele ukusakaza i-4K/8K, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, ukulanda okuningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu emahhovisi noma emakhaya anabasebenzisi abaningi.
Ngenxa yokuthi kuneziteshi eziningi kakhulu futhi zinendawo engcono, amanethiwekhi zihambisana kancaneUma ukhetha isiteshi esifanele kanye nomkhawulokudonsa, kulula kakhulu ukuthola amaza angasetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma wonke umuntu endaweni yakini esabambeke ku-2,4 GHz.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi amaningi esimanje (omakhalekhukhwini, ama-laptop, ama-smart TV, ama-consoles akamuva) ahambisana ngokugcwele ne- I-Wi-Fi 5 GHzNgakho-ke ngeke ube nezinkinga zokuhambisana ngaphandle kwamadivayisi amadala kakhulu noma ashibhile kakhulu.
Okubi kwe-5 GHz: ububanzi obulinganiselwe kanye nokuhambisana
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi amandla esignali ehla ngokushesha kunaku-2,4 GHz. Ngamandla afanayo, isignali ye Imvamisa ephezulu ifinyelela ibanga elifushane Futhi ayingeni kahle ezindongeni nasemaphahleni. Uma uqhele ngamakamelo amabili ukusuka ku-router, uzobona ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-5 GHz iba buthaka kangakanani kunenethiwekhi ye-2,4 GHz, noma inyamalale ngokuphelele.
Kungaba khona futhi ukuhambisana okuphansi namadivayisi athile amadalaezisekela i-2,4 GHz kuphela noma ezingaphathi kahle i-DFS. Uma kunjalo, ayikho enye indlela ngaphandle kokushiya i-2,4 GHz ivuliwe bese uyixhuma lapho, ugcine i-5 GHz kokunye.
Okokugcina, kwezinye izindawo eziminyene kakhulu (izakhiwo ezinama-router amaningi e-dual-band) ungase uhlangane nokuminyana ebhendini le-5 GHz, yize ngokuvamile kulula ukulilawula. Kulezi zimo, ukudlala nge- ububanzi besiteshi (Ngezinye izikhathi ukuya phansi ku-40 MHz kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ngaphezu kokunamathela ku-80 MHz) kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Ibhendi engu-6 GHz kanye ne-Wi-Fi 6E: i-bandwidth eningi, kodwa ayanele wonke umuntu
I-Wi-Fi 6 ayifaki ibhendi entsha, kodwa ithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo. 2,4 no-5 GHz (OFDMA, i-MU-MIMO esebenza kahle, ukuphathwa kangcono kwamakhasimende amaningi, njll.). Ibhendi ye-6 GHz ifika ne I-Wi-Fi 6E, okwandisa ububanzi be-WiFi kusuka ku-5,925 GHz kuya ku-7,125 GHz ezifundeni lapho ibhulokhi lonke livunyelwe khona.
Lokho kusho ukwengeza okunye I-1.200 MHz ye-spectrum entshaLokhu kuhunyushwa kube iziteshi ezingu-59 ze-20 MHz, ezingu-29 ze-40 MHz, ezingu-15 ze-80 MHz, noma iziteshi ezinkulu ezingu-7 ze-160 MHz. Njengoba kuneziteshi eziningi ezibanzi, ezingahambisani, ukuminyana kuncishisiwe kakhulu, okwenza kube lula kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo zokufinyelela ukuthola i-bandwidth etholakalayo.
Kodwa-ke, eYurophu umlawuli ukhiphe ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi I-UNII-5Kusukela ku-5925 kuya ku-6425 MHz, okungukuthi, cishe i-500 MHz. Lokhu kunciphisa inani leziteshi ezitholakalayo ngesigamu (noma ngaphezulu) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-US: iziteshi ezingu-24 ku-20 MHz, ezingu-12 ku-40 MHz, ezingu-6 ku-80 MHz, kanye nezingu-3 kuphela ku-160 MHz.
Lokhu kunemiphumela eminingana esebenzayo: Ama-router e-Wi-Fi 6E athengiswa eSpain, ezingeni lehadiwe, avame ukusekela lonke uhla lwe-6 GHz, kodwa i-firmware yawo iza kuboshwe ukuze kulingane nesifundaFuthi uzokwazi ukukhetha iziteshi zaseYurophu ezisemthethweni kuphela. Ukungenisa i-router evela e-US nokuyiphoqa ukuthi isebenzise iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-97 akugcini nje ngokungemthetho, kodwa kungaphazamisa nezinye izinsizakalo ezibalulekile futhi kuholele ezijezisweni.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokusebenzisa i-6 GHz
Ngakolunye uhlangothi oluhle, i-6 GHz yenzelwe izimo ezinamadivayisi amaningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga umzamo omkhulu: i-virtual reality, ukusakaza kwe-8K, imidlalo yamafu, amahhovisi anabantu abaningi, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi kusenabantu abambalwa, uthola iziteshi ezihlanzekile, ezinokuphazamiseka okuncane kakhulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu.
Izindinganiso zanamuhla zifaka amasu anjengo I-MU-MIMO kanye ne-OFDMA kuthuthukiswe kakhulu, okuvumela isiteshi ukuthi sabelwane phakathi kwamakhasimende amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kwahlukaniswa amaza ngaphakathi kwesiteshi esifanayo ukuze amadivayisi amaningana akwazi ukudlulisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi olubi, njengoba luvame kakhulu, Ukumbozwa kuphansi futhi ukungena ezinkingeni kubi kakhuluNakuba ephepheni ungathola ukusebenza okufika ku-30% ngokwethiyori uma kuqhathaniswa ne-5 GHz, ngokushesha nje lapho ubeka izindonga ezimbalwa phakathi, ijubane lehla kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusasetshenziswa: amadivayisi amaningi asetshenziswayo namuhla awasekeli i-6 GHz. Amadivayisi anayo kuphela I-Wi-Fi 6E noma 7 Bazokwazi ukuyisebenzisa; okunye kuzohlala ku-2,4/5 GHz. Futhi, amadivayisi okuqala angu-6 GHz avame ukubiza kakhulu futhi asebenzisa amandla amaningi, into okufanele uyikhumbule uma ufuna ukusetha inethiwekhi yonke usebenzisa le band.
I-Wi-Fi 7: ukukhuphuka okulandelayo kwesivinini kanye nokubambezeleka
Nakuba i-Wi-Fi 6E isazinzile, izinga I-Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be) Isifikile futhi ithembisa ukusunduza imingcele yamanethiwekhi angenantambo nakakhulu. Isebenza kuma-band amathathu akudala (2,4, 5, kanye no-6 GHz), kodwa yethula ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kwesivinini, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokubambezeleka.
I-Wi-Fi 7 isekela ububanzi beziteshi kuze kufike ku-320 MHz Ku-6 GHz, iphinda kabili umthamo we-MIMO uma iqhathaniswa ne-Wi-Fi 6 futhi ivumela, okungenani ngokombono, isivinini esingaphezu kuka-40 Gbps, isondela kulokho esinakho namuhla kuma-interface anezintambo njenge-USB4 noma i-Thunderbolt.
Esinye sezici ezintsha ezinkulu yi-MLO (Ukusebenza Kwezixhumanisi EziningiLokhu kuvumela idivayisi ukuthi isebenzise ama-band amaningi kanye neziteshi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze idlulise idatha. Lokhu kunciphisa ukubambezeleka, kuthuthukisa ukuqina kokuphazamiseka, futhi kusebenzisa kangcono i-spectrum etholakalayo.
Lokhu kwenza i-Wi-Fi 7 ikhanga kakhulu iqiniso elingokoqobo, ukusakaza kwe-8K, imidlalo yamafu kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oluzwela kakhulu ukubambezeleka. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ulusebenzise ngokugcwele, udinga kokubili i-router neklayenti elihambisanayo, okusho ukuthuthukisa ihadiwe yakho (nokusebenzisa imali).
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokungena kwi-Wi-Fi 7
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezicacile kakhulu yilezi isivinini esinamandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukuhlanganiswa okugcwele kwebhendi engu-6 GHz naleyo yangaphambilini, ukuhambisana okungemuva namadivayisi amadala (azoqhubeka nokuxhumana ku-2,4/5 GHz) kanye nokuzinza okuthuthukisiwe ngenxa ye-MLO kanye nokuphathwa kwesiteshi okuthuthuke kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba kunjalo njalo uma ukhulisa imvamisa futhi wandisa iziteshi, ukumbozwa okusebenzayo kuvame ukwehla Futhi ukuwohloka kwebanga kusobala kakhulu. Futhi, vele, ukuhambisana kuzoba kancane kancane: iminyaka eminingi amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi 5, 6, 6E, kanye ne-7 azohlala ndawonye, futhi abasebenzisi abaningi ngeke bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele i-Wi-Fi 7 baze bathuthukise ifoni yabo ephathekayo, i-laptop, ikhonsoli, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetha yonke indawo ye-Wi-Fi 7 (i-router, ama-mesh points, amakhadi enethiwekhi) kumelela utshalomali olukhulu, oluzuzisa ngempela kuphela uma unayo. ukusetshenziswa okudinga kakhulu Noma ufuna nje ukuba phambili kakhulu kunemakethe yasekhaya yamanje.
Iyini ngempela isiteshi se-WiFi futhi sihlobene kanjani nemvamisa?
Isiteshi se-WiFi, ngokuyisisekelo, siyindlela "isigaba esincane" esithile sebhendi yemvamisaUma sithi idivayisi isebenzisa, isibonelo, isiteshi esingu-40 ku-5 GHz, kusho ukuthi imvamisa yayo ephakathi isezingeni elithile (isibonelo esingu-5200 MHz) nokuthi ithatha i-bandwidth ethile eyizungezile (20, 40, 80 MHz…).
Ukudideka okuvamile kuvela ekucabangeni ukuthi isiteshi kanye nemvamisa kuyizinto ezihlukile. Eqinisweni, isiteshi sichazwa yi imvamisa ephakathi kanye nobubanziKu-2,4 GHz, isibonelo, iziteshi 1-13 zihlukaniswe yi-5 MHz, kodwa iziteshi ze-20 MHz ziyahlangana. Ku-5 kanye ne-6 GHz, isikhala sikhulu futhi sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi iziteshi ze-20 MHz zingahlangani.
Uma ushintsha iziteshi ngaphakathi kwebhendi efanayo, okwenzayo ukushintsha kancane ku-frequency ngaphakathi kwalelo banga elivunyelwe. Usesebhendini le-5 GHz, kodwa uyashintsha, isibonelo, usuka ekugxileni ku-5180 MHz (isiteshi 36) uye ku-5200 MHz (isiteshi 40) noma ku-5220 MHz (isiteshi 44), njll. Uma usebenzisa neziteshi ezibanzi (40/80 MHz), inethiwekhi yakho empeleni ithatha lonke ibhulokhi elivela eziteshini eziningana ezixhunyiwe ze-20 MHz.
Ububanzi besiteshi: 20, 40, 80, 160 kanye no-320 MHz
Ububanzi besiteshi yi- usayizi "womzila" lapho idatha ihamba khona. Isiteshi se-20 MHz sifana nomgwaqo onomzila owodwa; isiteshi se-40 MHz, imizila emibili; isiteshi se-80 MHz, imizila emine; njalo njalo. Uma isiteshi sibanzi, kulapho izimoto eziningi (idatha) zingadlula khona ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa futhi sithatha isikhala esiningi ku-spectrum futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuthola indawo ecacile ngaphandle komakhelwane.
Kubhendi engu-2,4 GHz, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-spectrum kanye nokugqagqana okunonya, into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuhlala ngaphakathi 20 MHzKubhendi ye-5 GHz, ukusebenzisa i-40 MHz kuvamile impela, kanti i-80 MHz inengqondo uma indawo ingaxinene kakhulu. I-160 MHz igcinelwe izimo ezilawulwa kakhulu ngoba isengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka.
Ku-6 GHz, ngenxa yobubanzi obuhlukahlukene, kunengqondo ukucabangela 80 noma 160 MHz Ngendlela ejabulisayo, yize kuneziteshi ezimbalwa eYurophu kunase-US. Ku-Wi-Fi 7, ngisho ne-320 MHz iyasebenza, kodwa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile kakhulu (futhi cishe njalo ezingochwepheshe noma ezinomdlandla kakhulu).
Kungani isiteshi nebhendi kungalimaza i-WiFi yakho
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezinkinga ezivamile ze-WiFi (isivinini esiphansi, ukuyeka ukusebenza, ukukhuphuka kokulibaziseka, ukunqamuka kokuxhumeka lapho kuxhuma amadivayisi amasha) ibangelwa yi- izinketho ezimbi zesiteshi noma zebhendi, noma ukuminyana endaweni ezungezile ye-radioelectric.
Ezinye izimpawu ezicacile zokuthi kufanele uhlole isiteshi osisebenzisayo isivinini esisheshayo ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokuhambisana neshejuli yomakhelwane noma amahhovisi), ukungasebenzi kahle kwenethiwekhi okungahleliwe, izingcingo zevidiyo ezihlala zivaliwe, "ukulibala" okuningi emidlalweni eku-inthanethi, noma ubunzima kumadivayisi amasha ukuthola inethiwekhi.
Ku-2,4 GHz, imbangela ngokuvamile kuba isiteshi esigcwele noma ukuhlangana namanye amanethiwekhi namadivayisiKu-5 GHz, kungase kube ngenxa ye-DFS (ama-radar aphoqa izinguquko zesiteshi), izindawo ezinamanethiwekhi amaningi asebenzisa ama-bandwidth angu-80 MHz, noma wonke ama-router endaweni anamathele eziteshini ezifanayo ezizenzakalelayo eziphansi.
Ukuphazamiseka okungeyona i-WiFi kumele kucatshangelwe futhi: ama-microwave, amakhamera angenantambo, amadivayisi e-Bluetooth, izindonga ezijiyile, izibuko, ingilazi ehlanganisiweImvula enkulu uma kunezixhumanisi zangaphandle, njll. Konke lokhu kuyawulimaza umsindisi, kuphoqe ukudluliselwa kabusha kwephakethe, futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
Indlela yokuhlaziya indawo bese ukhetha isiteshi esingcono kakhulu
Ukuze ukhethe isiteshi nebhendi efanele, kufanele uqale ngokuthi bheka ukuthi kwenzekani emoyeniUngasebenzisa konke kusukela emiyalweni eyisisekelo kuya kumathuluzi athuthukile, kokubili ku-PC nakuselula, ukuze ubone ukuthi yimaphi amanethiwekhi aseduze, ukuthi akusiphi isiteshi, kanye namandla esignali yawo, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani thola ukuphazamiseka kunethiwekhi ye-WiFi.
Ku-Windows, isibonelo, ngewindi le-command prompt, mane ugijime netsh wlan bonisa konke Ukuze uthole uhlu lwamanethiwekhi, isiteshi sawo, kanye namandla esignali. Kulula kodwa kuyasiza. Ukuze uthole okuthile okunezithombe eziningi, kunezinhlelo eziningana eziphelele kakhulu.
Amathuluzi afana I-Acrylic WiFi Zikuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokubonakalayo ukuthi yiziphi iziteshi ezisetshenziswayo, ngamandla angakanani, ububanzi beziteshi ezisetshenziswa amanethiwekhi angomakhelwane, futhi zidale ngisho namamephu okushisa okumboza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinguqulo zihlaziya imvelo futhi zincoma izinguquko ezithile zokucushwa.
Ku-Android kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana I-WiFi Analyzer o I-NetSpot Lawa mathuluzi abonisa amagrafu amandla esignali esiteshi ngasinye, ahlukanisa phakathi kwamabhendi angu-2,4 GHz no-5 GHz. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokushesha lapho amanethiwekhi eminyana khona nalapho kunezindawo ezingavinjelwe khona ongazibeka ezakho.
Umqondo oyisisekelo ukufuna isikhala esingagcwele ngangokunokwenzekaKubhendi engu-2,4 GHz, cishe uzosebenzisa iziteshi 1, 6, kanye no-11 njalo, ukhethe esingenaminyaminya eminingi (noma leso lapho amanethiwekhi angomakhelwane enezimpawu ezibuthakathaka kakhulu). Kubhendi engu-5 GHz, ungazama ukugwema iziteshi ze-DFS uma uhlangabezana nokunqamuka okuncane, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, ushintshele kuzo uma amadivayisi akho ezisekela futhi kungekho omunye ozisebenzisayo.
Ukushintsha isiteshi ku-router yakho ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yithemba
Uma usunqumile ngesiteshi, ushintsho ngokwalo lulula kakhulu: udinga nje finyelela iphaneli yokuphatha ye-routerLokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokukhomba isiphequluli ku-192.168.1.1 noma ku-192.168.0.1 (noma isango olibonayo nge-ipconfig) bese ungena ngemvume ngegama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi okuboniswe kusitika sedivayisi noma ngumqhubi wakho.
Isixhumi ngasinye sihlukile, kodwa ngokuvamile kufanele ubheke isigaba esithi Ukusethwa kwe-WiFi / OkungenantamboThola izinketho zesiteshi (ngokuvamile ezihlukaniswa ngebhendi: 2,4 GHz kolunye uhlangothi, 5 GHz kolunye) bese ushintsha kusuka ku-"Auto" uye kusiteshi esinqunyiwe osikhethile ngaphambilini.
Kuma-router avela kubahlinzeki abanjengoMovistar, Vodafone, noma i-Orange, ngokuvamile kuba nemenyu eyehlayo yokukhetha isiteshi kanye nenye yokusetha ububanzi besiteshi (20/40/80 MHz). Uma usulondoloze izinguquko, indawo yokufinyelela izoqala kabusha, noma imojuli ye-Wi-Fi izoqala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi amadivayisi azophinde axhumeke ekucushweni okusha, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuphazamiseka okufushane kwemizuzwana embalwa.
Uma ufuna nciphisa iziphazamisoYenza lezi zinguquko ngezikhathi ezingezona ezokuqala (isibonelo, ekuseni kakhulu) futhi ugweme ukuthinta ezinye izilungiselelo ezibalulekile. Ezindaweni zomsebenzi, kuyinto evamile ukuhlela iwindi lokulungisa lezi zinhlobo zemisebenzi, kodwa ekhaya, ukwazisa noma ubani olanda okuthile kwanele.
Khetha ibhendi: 2,4, 5 noma 6 GHz kuye ngesimo
Ngale kwesiteshi, sekuyisikhathi sokunquma. yiliphi ibhendi okufanele uxhume kulo kuzo zonke izimo. Umthetho oyisisekelo ucacile: uma ukude ne-router noma kunezindonga eziningana phakathi kwayo, sebenzisa i-2,4 GHz; uma useduze futhi ufuna ukusebenza kahle, sebenzisa i-5 noma i-6 GHz.
Emakhaya noma emahhovisi anezisetshenziswa ezimbalwa, amadivayisi amadala, kanye nokusetshenziswa okulula, inethiwekhi engu-2,4 GHz ingase yanele. Kodwa ezimweni zanamuhla ezingokoqobo (omakhalekhukhwini, ama-laptop, amathelevishini, izinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, ama-game consoles, izipikha ezihlakaniphile, njll.), kunengqondo ukuba nokuningi. okungenani nge-Wi-Fi enamabhendi amabili engu-5/6 bese ukhetha ibhendi ngokuya ngohlobo lwedivayisi nendawo ekuyo.
Uma uhlala esakhiweni esinabantu abaningi esinamanethiwekhi amaningi abonakalayo angu-2,4 GHz, kungenzeka ukuthi leli bhendi alikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziqinile kusukela ekuqaleni. Into ebalulekile-ke ukuba nayo inethiwekhi enhle ye-5 GHz (noma i-6 GHz uma imishini yakho iyisekela) bese ushiya i-2,4 GHz kuphela kumadivayisi angenazo ezinye izinketho.
Ama-ISP asevele enikeza ama-router amahle, kodwa uma uvame ukusebenza ekhaya, wenza izingqungquthela zevidiyo nsuku zonke, noma inethiwekhi yakho igcwele amadivayisi angenantambo, ngokuvamile kufanelekile ukutshala imali kwenye engcono. i-router yakho noma Uhlelo lwe-WiFi mesh yekhwalithi ethile, ephatha kangcono amabhendi, ukuzulazula kwangaphakathi kanye nokwabiwa kweziteshi ezishintshashintshayo.
Impilo nokuphepha: yini eyiqiniso ngokwesaba i-WiFi
Umbuzo wokuthi i-WiFi "iyimbi yini empilweni yakho" uvela ngezikhathi ezithile. Kusukela namuhla, Akukho bufakazi obuqinile okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka kumanethiwekhi e-WiFi asekhaya nezinkinga zempilo kubantu. Amanethiwekhi asebenza kumazinga emvamisa angewona ama-ionizing (2,4 kanye no-5 GHz, manje nawo angu-6 GHz), anamazinga aphansi kakhulu amandla.
Izinhlangano ezifana I-CCARS eSpain Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-ICNIRP zibeka imikhawulo yokuchayeka edlula kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-router evamile (ngokulandelana okungu-0,1 W). Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zibonisa ukuthi singaphansi kwale mikhawulo izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane, ngisho nalapho simi eduze kwedivayisi.
Uma usafuna ukuqaphela, ungafaka isicelo izinyathelo zokuqonda ezivamile: Ungalali uncike ku-router, yigcine ikude ngemitha engaphezu kweyodwa nezindawo lapho uchitha khona amahora amaningi, uyicime ebusuku uma ungayidingi (uyonga namandla), bese usebenzisa i-hands-free efonini yakho ephathekayo ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka ngqo ekhanda.
Imibuzo esheshayo mayelana nama-band neziteshi ze-WiFi
Kuvamile ukuthi kuvele imibuzo ethile lapho kukhulunywa ngamabhendi neziteshi. Eminye yemibuzo evame kakhulu kulula ukuyiphendula ngqo uma uyiqonda imiqondo eshiwo ngenhla.
Uma idivayisi ingatholi inethiwekhi ye-5 noma ye-6 GHz, into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ukuntuleka kokuhambisanaAmadivayisi amaningi amadala asekela i-2,4 GHz kuphela; amanye amasha athola i-5 GHz kodwa hhayi i-6 GHz, futhi akamuva kuphela aqonda i-Wi-Fi 6E/7. Kunconywa ukuhlola imininingwane bese ubuyekeza i-firmware uma kwenzeka umenzi engeze ukwesekwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Akunasizathu sokuvala ibhendi ye-2,4 GHz ngoba nje usebenzisa i-5 GHz: Ukugcina kokubili kumatasa kukunika ukuguquguquka Ukuze uxhume amadivayisi amadala noma akude kubhendi engu-2,4 GHz futhi ubhukhe ibhendi engu-5/6 GHz yamadivayisi esimanje aseduze ne-router, isihluthulelo ukubiza amanethiwekhi ngokucacile noma ukuvumela uhlelo lwe-WiFi oluhlakaniphile ukuthi luwaphathe ngaphansi kwe-SSID eyodwa.
Ngokuphathelene ne-Wi-Fi 6E, noma iyiphi idivayisi endala izoqhubeka nokuxhuma ku- Amabhendi angu-2,4 kanye no-5 GHz kusuka ku-router, kodwa awusoze wabona ibhendi ye-6 GHz. Futhi maqondana nokuthi kufanelekile yini ukuthuthukela ku-Wi-Fi 7, okwamanje kuyasiza ngempela kuphela uma unezindlela ezidinga kakhulu zokusebenzisa (i-VR, i-8K, imidlalo yamafu) futhi uhlela ukuthuthukisa amakhasimende akho. Kwabaningi, i-Wi-Fi 6/6E enhle, elungiselelwe kahle yanele.
Ukuqonda ukuthi zisatshalaliswa kanjani amabhande, iziteshi, kanye nobubanziUkuqonda imikhawulo yokulawula kuma-band angu-2,4, 5, kanye no-6 GHz, ukuthi i-DFS kanye nokugcwala komakhelwane kuzithinta kanjani, nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani kahle ibhendi, isiteshi, kanye nobubanzi besiteshi endaweni ngayinye kubalulekile ekusukeni ku-WiFi "esebenza noma ngabe ifunani" iye kunethiwekhi ezinzile, esheshayo ekwazi ukuhambisana nenqwaba yamadivayisi nezindinganiso esinazo kakade kanye nalezo eziseduze nokufika.
