I-AD5933 ingelinye lamasekethe adidiyelwe aziwa kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-bioimpedance, kokubili ezinhlelweni zemfundo, ucwaningo lwe-biomedical, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokulinganisa. Nakuba kulula ukuthola amamojula adayiswayo kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe ku-inthanethi, izinsiza ezimbalwa zolimi lwesi-Spanish zichaza ngendlela elula nenemininingwane ukuthi le ngxenye isebenza kanjani nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani kumaphrojekthi wokuhlaziya i-bioimpedance. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi i-AD5933 ingawuguqula kanjani amaphrojekthi wakho wezinzwa ze-biomedical, le ndatshana inalo lonke ulwazi olubalulekile oluqoqiwe.
Ukuqonda ukusebenza namandla e-AD5933 akusizi konjiniyela nakososayensi kuphela, kodwa nakubenzi, othisha, ngisho nabafundi abafuna ukukala ngokunembile ukuthimbeka kwezicubu nanoma iyiphi into ephilayo noma kagesi. Uma ufuna ukubuyekezwa okujulile kwenzwa ye-AD5933 bioimpedance, enezincazelo ezicacile, ezisebenzayo, lena indawo yakho.
Iyini i-AD5933 futhi kungani idume kangaka?
I-AD5933 iyisiguquli se-impedance kanye nemojula yokuhlaziya inethiwekhi enokulungiswa kwe-12-bit., esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wezogesi kanye ne-bioengineering ukukala ukumelana nokusabela ngedijithali nangokunembile. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukwenza lula ukuhlaziya izinto, izingxenye zikagesi ngisho nezicubu zebhayoloji kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-bioimpedance., okuvumela ukucwaninga kwezakhiwo zikagesi zamaseli noketshezi ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu.
Kungani abantu abaningi kangaka bephendukela ku-AD5933? Ngoba ihlanganisa imisebenzi ethuthukisiwe ngaphakathi kwe-chip eyodwa, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwefrikhwensi okulungisekayo, ukwenza isignali ibe yidijithali, nokucutshungulwa kwedatha yangaphakathi, konke ngaphandle kokudinga ihadiwe yangaphandle eyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yinketho efanelekile yawo womabili amalabhorethri kanye nalawo aklama izinto eziphathwayo noma izivivinyo zasekhaya.
Izici zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko
- Imojula yokuhlaziya ye-multi-frequency impedance: Ingasebenza ebangeni elibanzi lefrikhwensi, iyenze ifaneleke ukukala kokubili ukungasebenzi kahle okuphansi nokuphezulu ezinhlelweni ezihlukene.
- I-12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC): Ivumela ukulungiswa okwanele kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-biomedical nezaselabhorethri.
- Izinga lesampula lifika ku-megasample elingu-1 ngesekhondi, ilungele izifundo ezidinga ukutholwa kwedatha ngokushesha.
- Kubandakanya imisebenzi ye i-direct digital synthesis (DDS) okwesizukulwane sesiginali yokuvuselela.
- Isebenza ngama-voltage ajwayelekile aselabhorethri futhi ingalawulwa ama-microcontrollers, amakhompyutha, namabhodi okuthuthukisa njenge-Arduino noma i-Raspberry Pi.
Izindlela zokusebenza ezifana imodi yokushanela, okuvumela ukucwaninga okuphelele kokuvinjelwa kuwo wonke amafrikhwensi ahlukene, awusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlaziyeni izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ucwaningo lwe-biomedical lapho i-impedance ihluka ngokuya ngemvamisa.
Isetshenziselwani ku-bioimpedance?
I-Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ze-AD5933. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokwakheka komzimba, ukufakwa kwamanzi, noma ukutholwa kwezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. ngokulinganisa ukusabela kukagesi kwezicubu eziphilayo.
Nge-AD5933, ukulinganisa i-bioimpedance kuba lula, njengoba I-chip yakhelwe ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokukhiqiza amasignali e-AC nokubala impenduloLokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka, isibonelo, ukufunda indlela umsipha osabela ngayo ekudluleni kwesignali, noma ukuhlaziya ukwakheka koketshezi lwebhayoloji noma isampula yethishu.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi nokusebenza kwe-AD5933
Inhliziyo ye-AD5933 yenziwe ngamabhulokhi ahlukene asebenzayo, phakathi kwawo okulandelayo okugqamayo:
- I-DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) Generator: Ikuvumela ukuthi udale i-sine wave ephumayo lapho imvamisa yayo ingalungiswa ngokwedijithali.
- Un iamplifier yokusebenza elungiselelwe impendulo engeyinhle (impendulo engemihle), esebenzisa i-Rin ne-RFB resistors. Inzuzo ye-amplifier ibalwa njengo-A = – RFB / Rin, okuvumela okokufaka ukuthi kuhambisane nesignali efanelekile ye-ADC.
- I-12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC): Iguqula isignali ye-analogi yokufaka (impendulo ekujabuleleni kwethu) ibe isignali yedijithali engacutshungulwa ngaphakathi.
- Imojuli ye-DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform).: Yenza ukucubungula kwezibalo okudingekayo ukuze kutholwe kokubili ubukhulu nesigaba sempendulo elinganisiwe.
Inhlanganisela yala mabhulokhi ivumela kala kokubili izingxenye ezimelene nezisebenzayo ze-impedance.
Ukusebenza okuningiliziwe: kusuka kusisusa kuye esilinganisweni
Inqubo yokulinganisa i-impedance ne-AD5933 ilandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezibalulekile:
- Ijeneretha ye-DDS ikhiqiza isignali ye-voltage eshintshanayo kabani imvamisa esingayihlela ngokwedijithali.
- Lesi siginali sidlula entweni noma kwezicubu okumele zikalwe, futhi Impendulo iqoqwa yi-amplifier yangaphakathi yokusebenza, esebenzisa ama-resistors amabili ukulawula inzuzo.
- I-ADC yenza isignali yokusabela ibe yidijithali, futhi ngemva kwalokho, imojuli ye-DFT yenza uguquko olucacile lwe-Fourier ukuze luhlukanise izingxenye zibe ezangempela nezicatshangelwayo.
- Ekugcineni, la manani asetshenziselwa ukubala ingqikithi yokungangeni (Z), kanye nezingxenye zayo: ukumelana (R) nokusabela (X).
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zangaphakathi ze-AD5933, kungenzeka Shintsha ukulinganisa bese ushuna isistimu ngokulinganisa izingxenye zereferensi ngaphambi kokuthatha izilinganiso zangempela, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kwemiphumela.
Ungabala kanjani i-impedance nge-AD5933 (isinyathelo ngesinyathelo izibalo)
Isilinganiso se-impedance kagesi sisekelwe kumafomula alula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda inqubo ephelele ukuze ugweme amaphutha:
- Thola Ukulinganiswa (g): Ukuze unqume ngokunembile ubudlelwano phakathi kwesiginali yokokufaka kanye nempendulo, i-AD5933 ivumela ukusetshenziswa kokumelana nokulinganisa ngenani elaziwayo ngokunembile. Ifomula elandelayo iyasebenza:
g = (VDD × Rcurrent × Rin) / (256 × PGA × Ukuphakama × RFB × 2^7)
- Ukuthola ubukhulu: Uma amanani angempela nacatshangwayo esekaliwe, sibala ubukhulu bempendulo ngokuthi:
mag = sqrt(real^2 + imaginary^2)
- Isibalo sokugcina se-impedance:
Z = g x mag
- Isigaba (PA) sibalwa ngokuthi:
PA = arctan2(real, imaginary) − deltaPA
- Ekugcineni, ukumelana nokusabela kuyatholakala:
R = Z × cos(PA)
X = Z × isono(PA)
Ukuze uthole ukunemba okuphezulu, kuhle ukwenza ukulinganisa kwangaphambili ngokulinganisa izingxenye ezaziwayo. (isb. Iziphikisi zenani eliqondile) futhi ulungise inzuzo yangempela yesistimu ngokusekelwe kulezo zilinganiso.
Ukucatshangelwa okusebenzayo uma usebenzisa i-AD5933
Lapho usebenza ne-AD5933, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule ukuze uthole okuningi ekusebenzeni kwayo:
- Ukucushwa kwe-Rin ne-RFB resistorUkukhethwa kwalezi zingxenye kunquma inzuzo yesistimu. Ukusebenzisa amanani afanelekile, asekelwe kububanzi bokuthikamezeka esifuna ukukukala, kubalulekile ukugwema ukugcwaliswa kwe-ADC noma ukulahlekelwa ukulungiswa.
- Qaphela isigaba: I-AD5933 yethula ukushintshwa kwesigaba okuhlelekile okungahluka ngokuvama, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukulinganisa isigaba (deltaPA) usebenzisa izindinganiso ezaziwayo kububanzi bemvamisa yentshisekelo.
- Imikhawulo yebanga elinamandla: Nakuba isebenza kumabhithi angu-12, ukulungiswa kwangempela kuncike ebangeni le-impedance elilinganiswayo kanye nokucushwa okulungile kwesekethe yenzuzo kanye ne-PGA (i-amplifier yenzuzo ehlelekayo).
- Lawula nge-I2C: I-chip ixhumana ngebhasi le-I2C, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilawuli ezincane nezinkundla.
Konke lokhu kucatshangelwa kwenza ukusebenzisa i-AD5933 kube yindaba yokulungisa kahle okuguquguqukayo okubalulekile, ngobuningi bezicelo kokubili elabhorethri kanye nalabo abafuna ukwenza eyabo imishini yezokwelapha elula.
Izinzuzo ngaphezu kwamanye amasistimu wokulinganisa
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amamojula asekhaya noma amasistimu, I-AD5933 yenza lula ukwakheka kwezinsimbi ze-bioimpedance ngoba ihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwesignali, ukufakwa kwedijithali, nokubala okuyisisekelo.Lokhu kunciphisa inani lezingxenye zangaphandle, izindleko, nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kwayo nokuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ithandeke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemfundo, i-prototyping esheshayo, kanye nalabo abafuna isixazululo esihlangene nesithembekile.
Iyatholakala futhi ngamafomethi ahlukahlukene, kusukela ku-chip yoqobo enikezwe Amadivayisi we-Analog kuya kumamojula namabhodi alungele ukusetshenziswa angatholakala kalula ezinkundleni ezifana ne-Amazon, eBay, AliExpress, nabahlinzeki bezinto zikagesi abafana noFarnell, DigiKey, neNewark.
Ungathenga kuphi nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele ngaphambi kokuthenga?
Ukuduma kwe-AD5933 kwenza kube lula ukutholakala kuzo zombili izitolo ezijwayelekile nezikhethekile ze-inthanethi. I-Amazon ne-eBay zinamamojula alungele ukuxhuma. kumasistimu akho, kuyilapho izitolo ezikhethekile ze-elekthronikhi ezifana noFarnell, DigiKey, kanye ne-Newark zinikeza inguqulo yobungcweti evela kumadivayisi e-Analog. I-AliExpress futhi inikezela ngamakhithi amaningi ngisho namamojula wokuthuthuka ngokushesha.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga, Kubalulekile ukubheka isimo semojula (entsha futhi engasetshenziswanga uma ufuna ukwethembeka okuphezulu), okufaka imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe futhi, uma usaqala, ikhithi yokuthuthukisa ezokusiza ukuthi uqalise ngoxhumo nokuhlola kokuqala. Futhi naka imininingwane efana nokuhambisana kwephini, ugesi wokunikezela, nohlobo lokuxhumana (i-I2C ivame kakhulu).
Amamojula ahambisanayo nezinye izesekeli ezivamile
Emakethe uzothola izinguqulo ze-AD5933 kumojula noma ifomethi yebhodi lokuthuthukisa, evame ukufaka:
- Izixhumi ezijwayelekile nama-jumpers ukuze kucushwe ngokushesha.
- Izingxenye ezengeziwe njengama-amplifiers, ama-resistors okulinganisa nezihlungi ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuzinza kwesilinganiso.
- Imiphumela eminingi namaphinikhodi ahambisana ne-Arduino, i-Raspberry Pi noma amakhadi e-STM32.
Amanye amakhithi afaka izintambo, amamanyuwali, kanye nesoftware ukuze kube lula ukuhlanganiswa ne-PC yakho. Uma uhlela ukuyisebenzisela ukuhlaziywa kwe-bioimpedance, bheka amamojula ahlanganisa izikhulisi zezinsimbi noma amasekhethi okokufaka aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngama-electrode namasignali ebhayoloji.
Ukuhlanganisa i-AD5933 namapulatifomu okuthuthukisa
Enye yamanani amakhulu we-AD5933 yi Ukuhambisana kwayo nezinkundla ezivulekile kanye nezishayeli zohlelo olululaUngasebenzisa i-Arduino, i-Raspberry Pi, i-ESP32, nanoma iyiphi i-microcontroller ene-interface ye-I2C ukuze ulawule i-chip futhi usebenze idatha. Kunemitapo yolwazi nezibonelo zekhodi ku-inthanethi ezenza ukuhlela nokuqoqwa kwedatha kube lula, futhi ungathumela imiphumela ku-PC yakho noma uyibuke ngesikhathi sangempela kusikrini se-LCD.
Lokhu kwenze bobabili abakhi kanye nezingcweti bakwazi ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya we-bioimpedance aphathekayo ezemidlalo, ezokwelapha, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemfundo.
Izinkomba kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe
Ukuze uthole amaphrojekthi athuthuke kakhulu noma uma udinga ukwandisa isifunda sakho, Idatha esemthethweni Yamadivayisi E-Analog iyinsiza ebalulekileNgaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okushicilelwe okukhethekile, njengomsebenzi kaLeonid Matsiev, ohlola ngokujulile ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani ngokugcwele amakhono e-AD5933, ukulinganiselwa kwawo, kanye nezinqubo zokulinganisa ezifanele.
Kuzinkundla ezifana ne-Instructables, ungathola imihlahlandlela yesinyathelo nesinyathelo kanye nezifundo zokusebenzisa i-AD5933 ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-schematics, izibonelo zesofthiwe, namathiphu okuthuthukisa ukunemba.
I-AD5933 imake ngaphambi nangemuva kwezinsimbi zikagesi ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwesignali, ukuguqulwa kwe-analog-to-digital, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha ibe yisekethe eyodwa. Lokhu, kuhlangene nokutholakala kwayo kalula kanye nokuba khona kwamabhodi okuthuthukisa ahambisanayo, kuyenza ibe yisixazululo esifanelekile salabo abafuna ukukala i-impedance ngokunembile nangokuthengekayo. Ukuyisebenzisa kumaphrojekthi we-bioimpedance kuvula umnyango wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha kwezempilo, ezemidlalo, ezemfundo, nokuhlolwa kwasekhaya, okuvumela ochwepheshe nezimfundamakhwela ukuthi bathole imiphumela ngendlela enokwethenjelwa futhi kalula.