Isibhakabhaka saseYurophu silungiselela isigaba esisha lapho Ama-drone nezindiza zizokwabelana ngesikhala somoya Ngendlela ehlelekile. U-Indra no-ENAIRE baqede uchungechunge lwezivivinyo eMalaga ezibonisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlala ndawonye kungenzeka ngaphandle ukubeka ezokuphepha engcupheni noma ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kwezikhumulo zezindiza.
Ukuqinisekiswa okwenziwe ku- Isikhumulo Sezindiza saseMalaga-Costa del Sol, ephethwe ngu-Aena, isivumele ukuthi sibone ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphatha ithrafikhi yezindiza ezingenamuntu (i-U-space) Bangasebenzisana nokulawulwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza okuvamile (i-ATM). Ngenxa yalolu vivinyo lobuchwepheshe nokusebenza, umnyango manje usuvulekile wokuthi ama-drones abe yingxenye yendawo yokusebenza ejwayelekile eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Umbukiso obalulekile eMalaga wesikhala sezindiza saseYurophu
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwenziwe eMalaga, kuye kwaqinisekiswa, ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-U-space ne-ATM esikhumulweni sezindiza sezentengiselwano esinabantu abaningi. Inhloso kwakuwukukhombisa ukuthi izindiza ze-drone zingahlelwa, zigunyazwe, futhi ziqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izindiza ezivamile kanye nokuhlonipha izindinganiso zokuphepha eziphakeme kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Lo mbukiso wawuyingxenye yephrojekthi yaseYurophu QINISEKISAIxhaswe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu ngezimali ze-Horizon Europe futhi iqondiswa yi-SESAR 3 Joint Undertaking, le phrojekthi ihlole izinqubo, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezindlela zokuxhumanisa ezenzelwe izimo ezahlukahlukene. izinga eliphezulu lobunzima, njengezindawo zezindiza noma izindawo zasemadolobheni eziseduze esikhumulweni sezindiza.
Imisebenzi eyenziwe ihlanganise wonke umjikelezo wendiza: kusukela ku- ukuhlela kwangaphambili kusukela ekusebenzeni kuya ekuphathweni kwesikhathi sangempela kusukela embhoshongweni wokulawula. Lokhu kwakudinga ukuhambisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabaqhubi bezindiza ezisebenzisa ama-drone kanye nabalawuli bezindiza be-ENAIRE, ababegcina ukubaluleka okuphelele kwezimoto ezinabantu ngenkathi beqapha izindiza ezingenabantu ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Iphrojekthi ye-ENSURE, eholwa yi-Indra, ihlanganisa ndawonye Abalingani abangu-18 abaphezulu baseYurophuLokhu kufaka phakathi abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokuzulazula emoyeni, izikhungo zocwaningo, imboni yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene abangochwepheshe bokuhamba emoyeni. I-ENAIRE ibamba iqhaza njengomhlinzeki wezinsizakalo zokuzulazula emoyeni kanye nomhlinzeki oyedwa wezinsizakalo zolwazi ezivamile eSpain, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqaliswa kokusebenza kwe-U-space ezweni.
Ngokombono wezikhungo kanye nowokulawula, inqubo yokuqinisekisa iMalaga inomumo weqhinga, ngoba kusondeza iSpain ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela kwe-European Digital Skylapho ama-drone, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, izindiza zezentengiselwano kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezingenabantu Bazokwabelana ngolwazi kanye nendawo. ngaphansi kohlaka lokuphatha oluvamile.
Isixhumi esibonakalayo sesikhala se-ATM-U: indlela ithrafikhi enabantu nengenabantu ehlanganiswa ngayo
Ingqikithi yezobuchwepheshe yalo mboniso kube yi- I-interface ye-ATM-U-space eyenziwe yi-IndraLolu hlelo lusebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwendawo yokuphathwa kwezindiza ezidonswayo kanye nohlelo lokulawula ithrafikhi yomoya olujwayelekile, okuvumela ukushintshana kwedatha okuqhubekayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Ngenxa yalesi sixhumi esibonakalayo, abalawuli bangabona indawo, uhlelo lokundiza, kanye nenqubekela phambili yokusebenza kwama-drone ezinhlelweni zabo, okwenza kube lula lungisa ngokuguquguqukayo isikhala somoya kuye ngezidingo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngale ndlela, kwakhiwa izindawo ezinqunyelwe noma imihubhe ethile yezindiza ezingenabantu ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukuhamba kwezindiza ezinabantu.
Ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi, ngalobu buchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yama-drone ngamanye ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu bokusebenza, njengokuba seduze nemigwaqo yezindiza, izindlela noma izindawo ezibalulekile zesikhumulo sezindiza, ukugcina ukuhlukana kanye nokunciphisa amathuba okungqubuzana phakathi kwabasebenzisi besikhala somoya.
Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa nezindlela zokuxwayisa nokuqapha, ukuze uma i-drone isondela endizeni enabantu noma endaweni engagunyaziwe eduze kakhulu, kukhishwe isixwayiso ngokushesha kubalawuli, abangakwazi lungisa kabusha imizila noma wenqabele ukufinyelela endaweni ethile. Umgomo uwukuba ukuhlanganisa kube ngokushesha, kugwenywe izinqubo ezihamba kancane noma ezenziwe ngesandla ezingaba yingozi ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
Njengamanje, izindiza eziningi ze-drone ezibeka ingozi ethile zidinga izicelo kusasele amasonto kanye nokuxhumana ngocingo nemibhoshongo yokulawula. Ngesixazululo se-ENSURE kanye ne-interface yesikhala se-ATM-U, abalawuli bazokwazi ukulandelela lezi zindiza bukhoma, bagunyaze izinguquko zomzila, futhi baphathe noma yiziphi izehlakalo ngombono ophelele walokho okwenzekayo esikhaleni somoya.
Izixazululo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe zenselelo efanayo
Ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi ye-ENSURE, izixazululo ezimbili ze-R&D ezihlose ukwenza kube lula ukuhlala ndawonye okuphephile kwama-drone nezindiza ezikhumulweni zezindiza nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Zombili ziphumelele ngempumelelo ekuhlolweni okwenziwe eMalaga.
Isixazululo sokuqala sigxile ekusetshenzisweni kwama-drone ku- ukuhlolwa kwemigwaqo yezindiza kanye nezindawo ezibalulekile zesikhumulo sezindizaKulesi simo, umkhawulo wesikhashana nendawo yomoya ubekwa kuphela endaweni yokugijima lapho i-drone isebenza khona, ngaphandle kokuthinta ithrafikhi yabantu esebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokugijima noma imizila yokusondela. Lokhu kuvumela imisebenzi yokulungisa nokuhlola evame kakhulu futhi esheshayo ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza.
Isixazululo sesibili sisekelwe ekuphathweni kwe- isikhala somoya esinqunyelwe ngamandlaNgamanye amazwi, uhlelo luchaza futhi luzivumelanisa nezindawo ezithile zesikhathi sangempela lapho ama-drone angasebenza khona, luwahlanganise nombono jikelele wabalawuli bezindiza emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, izindiza ezingenamuntu zifakwa ohlelweni lokuphatha olujwayelekile ngaphandle kokukhishwa ekulawulweni okuvamile.
Zombili izixazululo zivumela umbhoshongo wokulawula ukuthi ube nesithombe esinembile salokho okwenzekayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okuvimbela ukubonakala izinto ezingaziwa ku-radar, okwenza kube nzima ukuphatha ngoba uhlelo lwabo lokundiza, izikhathi zokusuka kanye nokufika, noma izinhloso zokusebenza azaziwa. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke leyo thrafikhi iyalandelelwa, igunyazwe, futhi ivikelwe ngaphakathi kohlaka olulawulwayo.
Kubalawuli, leli khono lokuqapha nokulawula limelela ushintsho olukhulu: bazokwazi gunyaza izindawo zokundiza zama-droneukuphakamisa noma ukufuna ushintsho lomzila, noma ukuvimbela ukudlula ezindaweni ezithile uma kubonakala kudingekile, ukugcina njalo izinto eziza kuqala kwezentengiselwano nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha kuhlala kuyinsika eyisisekelo.
Imisebenzi emisha yama-drone: kusukela ekuhlolweni kuya ezimweni eziphuthumayo
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlelekile kwama-drone emkhathini womoya kuvula ithuba lokusetshenziswa okuningi okusebenzayo okunomthelela oqondile empilweni yansuku zonke. Phakathi kwezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi ukuhlolwa kwengqalasizinda (izintambo zikagesi, izitimela, imigwaqo noma amabhuloho), ukuqapha izikhungo ezibalulekile, ukuqapha imvelo kanye nokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Emkhakheni wezimo eziphuthumayo, lobu buchwepheshe buzovumela, isibonelo, ukuthi kuzokwenzeka izitho zokuthutha ukuze kufakwe izitho Ama-drone angasetshenziswa ukuthutha iziguli zisuka endaweni yengozi ziye esibhedlela noma phakathi kwezikhungo zezempilo, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba nokusebenza endaweni yomoya elawulwa yiziphathimandla zesikhumulo sezindiza. Kuhlelwe futhi ukubambisana nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zezokwelapha zokudluliselwa kweziguli phakathi kwezibhedlela noma ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela.
Enye insimu enekhono elikhulu yileyo izinsizakalo zokulethwa kanye nezokuthuthaLokhu kusebenza kokubili ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya. Ikhono lama-drone lokwabelana ngolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela nohlelo lwe-ATM kanye nabanye abasebenzisi besikhala somoya lizovumela ukwakhiwa kwemizila ephephile nesebenza kahle, kuncishiswe izikhathi zokulethwa futhi kuncishiswe izingozi.
Esimweni sezindiza, ukufakwa kwama-drone emisebenzini ye- ukulungiswa, ukuhlolwa kwemigwaqo kanye nokuhlolwa kwebhekoni Kungasiza ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlela imisebenzi, ngaphandle kokwandisa ingozi kubagibeli abanabantu noma kubasebenzi abaphansi.
Konke lokhu kudinga uhlaka lapho imisebenzi iphathwa khona ngedijithali, ngokulandelana nangokuzenzakalela, into eqinisekisa ukuthi iyasiza ekukhuthazeni ngokubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka. ukuxhumanisa ama-drone nezindiza endaweni efanayo yomoya ngendlela eqinile nethembekile.
Indima ye-ENAIRE ne-Indra ekuthuthukisweni kwe-U-space eSpain
ESpain, i-ENAIRE isebenzisa enye yamapulatifomu athuthuke kakhulu ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza engenamuntu (i-U-space)kanye ne-Indra njengomhlinzeki oyinhloko wezobuchwepheshe. Le ngqalasizinda izoba yisisekelo lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona izinsizakalo zabaqhubi bezindiza ezidonswayo futhi izovumela imisebenzi ukuthi ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ohlelweni lwezwe lokuhamba emoyeni.
Njengomhlinzeki wesevisi yokuzulazula emoyeni kanye nomhlinzeki oyedwa wezinsizakalo zolwazi ezivamile, i-ENAIRE inomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza kanjalo. ukuxhumanisa ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwe-U-space futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi olufanele (amapulani endiza, imikhawulo, ukugunyazwa, idatha yethrafikhi) luyatholakala ngendlela efanayo kubo bonke abathintekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Indra iletha iminyaka yayo yolwazi ezinhlelweni ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza (i-ATM)Inezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-11.000 ezihlonyiswe emhlabeni wonke kanye neqoqo lezixazululo zesizukulwane esilandelayo ezikwazi ukuphatha indiza kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, kusukela ekusukeni kuze kube sekufikeni endaweni oya kuyo.
Iphrojekthi ye-ENSURE iqinise ukubambisana phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano ezimbili, ezazivele zisebenza ekwenzeni ukuphathwa kwesikhala somoya kube sesimanje futhi zishintshela kumodeli yedijithali futhi ezenzakalelayo. Ukuqinisekiswa eMalaga kuqinisa indima yazo njengabaholi emkhakheni we Ukuhamba komoya okuthuthukisiwe eYurophu.
Okulindelekile ukuthi amakhono aboniswe kulo msebenzi azokwazi ukushintshela emisebenzini yangempela phakathi nesikhathi sonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili, uma izigaba zomthetho seziqediwe futhi izinqubo zokusebenza ezidingekayo zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke sezihlanganisiwe.
Ubuholi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-U-space yaseYurophu
Intuthuko efinyelelwe eMalaga ifika ngesikhathi Ukukhula okunamandla kokusetshenziswa kwama-drone eYurophuNgenxa yesidingo sokuqapha, ukulungisa, ukuhlola, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhamba emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene, lokhu kwanda kwenza kube kubalulekile ukuba nezinhlelo zokuphatha ithrafikhi ezingenabantu eziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwale misebenzi.
Kulesi simo, i-Indra Group iqinise isikhundla sayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe nge Ukutholwa kwe-GuardianUTMI-Altitude Angel, ipulatifomu yokuphathwa kwethrafikhi engenamuntu evela enkampanini yaseBrithani, ithengiwe. Lokhu kuthengwa kwandisa iphothifoliyo yayo ngezixazululo ezithile ze-U-space ezihambisana nezinhlelo zayo zendabuko ze-ATM.
Ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi luka-Indra ngethrafikhi yezindiza evamile, ikhono le-ENAIRE njengomhlinzeki wesevisi yokuzulazula emoyeni, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvela ku-GuardianUTM kubeka iSpain endaweni ehamba phambili ukuhola ukuthunyelwa kokusebenza kwe-U-space ngaphakathi kohlaka lokulawula lwaseYurophu.
Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle, lo mkhakha omusha uhloselwe ukukhiqiza izinsizakalo ezintsha, imisebenzi enekhono kanye nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe ezweni, ukukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yezindiza kanye nasezindaweni ezifana nokuthutha, ezokuphepha, ukuvikelwa komphakathi noma ukuphathwa kwemvelo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ENSURE endaweni enzima njengeMalaga-Costa del Sol Airport kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwama-drones nezindiza akuseyona into yesikhathi esizayo kodwa kuyinto engokoqobo lapho amaphrojekthi esikhathi esizayo angakhiwa khona manje. amamodeli ebhizinisi kanye nezinhlaka zokusebenza esitebeleni.
Konke okuvivinywe eMalaga kukhomba isimo lapho ama-drone nezindiza ezinabantu zizokwabelana khona ngesibhakabhaka ngendlela ehlelekile, zisekelwa izinhlelo zedijithali ezithuthukisiwe, izixhumanisi zokushintshana kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nezinqubo ezivamile; isinyathelo esibalulekile seSpain neYurophu sokuhlanganisa indawo yomoya lapho i- Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza kuyahambisana futhi kusivumele ukuthi sisebenzise ngokugcwele amandla okuhamba emoyeni okungenamuntu.
