Isimo sekhompyutha yomuntu siqu sishintsha ngokuphelele. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, besilokhu sikuthatha kalula ukuthi ubuchopho banoma iyiphi i-laptop noma i-MiniPC bekufanele bube yi-chip ye-x86, kodwa manje sibhekene noshintsho olukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe lapho izakhiwo ezintsha zilwela khona ukubusa.
Akusekho nje ukuthi ubani onezinhlayiya eziningi noma ukuthi ubani ofinyelela i-GHz ephezulu, kodwa kumayelana nendlela amandla aphathwa ngayo nokuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buhlanganiswa kanjani ngqo ne-silicon. Kusukela ekubuseni kwe-Intel kuya ekuveleni okunolaka kwe-NVIDIA ne-Qualcomm, imakethe ihlukene yaba yiminikelo ehlukene kakhulu yabasebenzisi abahlukene kakhulu.
Inqaba ye-x86: i-Intel ne-AMD
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, i-Intel ibilokhu iyigama elifika engqondweni uma sicabanga ngamandla. Amaprosesa ayo, asekelwe kusakhiwo se-CISC, aklanyelwe ukusingatha imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngemiyalelo ephelele kakhulu, okwenza anganqotshwa kusofthiwe yakudala kanye nasezindaweni zobungcweti ezivaliwe. Nakuba ethuthuke ekusebenzeni kahle, isithende sawo se-Achilles sisalokhu sisetshenziswa amandla kanye nokushisa okwesabekayo ezinhlelweni ezincane kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AMD idlale kahle kakhulu nemindeni ye-Zen 4 kanye ne-Zen 5. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwe-chip yedeskithophu kanye ne-chip ye-laptop uncishisiwe kakhulu; manje babelana nge -DNA yabo kanye nezingxenye eziningi , ezihluke kakhulu ngohlobo lwesokhethi kanye ne-TDP esekelwayo . Zombili lezi ziqhwaga zibusa izimakethe zemidlalo ezisindayo kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ngenxa yokuhambisana okugcwele ne-Windows, zigwema noma yiluphi uhlobo lokulingisa.
Inguquko ye-ARM: I-Qualcomm ihlasela
Yilapho izinto ziba mnandi khona. I-Qualcomm isidlulele ngale kokuba yinkosi yama-smartphone kuphela futhi manje isizibophezele ngokugcwele kuma-laptop ane-Snapdragon X Elite kanye ne-X Plus. Ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-ARM (okusekelwe ku-RISC), lawa ma-chip enza imisebenzi kalula nangendlela ephumelelayo, evumela ibhethri le-laptop ukuthi lihlale izinsuku ezimbili ngaphandle kokudinga ukushajwa kabusha.
Nakuba iWindows ku-ARM ekuqaleni yayibonakala sengathi "ifuna kodwa ingakwazi," ukuvuthwa kwayo kwamanje kuyamangaza. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Microsoft kokulingisa ku-Windows 11 kanye nenani elikhulayo lezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu , igebe lokusebenza linciphile. Eqinisweni, ekuhlolweni kwe-multi-core, abanye abaprosesa be-Snapdragon basebenza kahle kakhulu kune- Intel's Core Ultra, besebenzisa i -Snapdragon DevKit ye-Windows kanye nama-NPU ayo azinikele.
I-NVIDIA: Umdlali omusha ofuna ukulawula yonke into
Ngesikhathi nje sicabanga ukuthi sesikubonile konke, i-NVIDIA yakhipha into exakile: ipulatifomu ye-RTX Spark. Abasaneliseki ngokukuthengisela ikhadi lehluzo; manje sebefuna ukubeka i-CPU yabo esekelwe ku-ARM (ethuthukiswe ngokubambisana ne-MediaTek) enhliziyweni ye-PC yakho. Le superchip ihlanganisa iprosesa enama-core angu-20 nenjini yehluzo ye-Blackwell, ihlose ngqo i-AI yokukhiqiza yendawo.
Isu le-NVIDIA licacile: gxila engxenyeni ebiza kakhulu nenamandla. Ngenkathi i-Qualcomm ifuna ukwenza i-ARM ibe yintando yeningi ngezinketho ezingabizi kakhulu njenge-Snapdragon C, i-NVIDIA ifuna ochwepheshe basebenzise amamodeli olimi (i-LLM) ngaphandle kokuthembela efwini, okunikeza inkumbulo ehlanganisiwe efinyelela ku-128 GB. Lokhu kuyiphutha eliqondile ku-Intel, njengoba i-NVIDIA ingalethi amandla kuphela kodwa futhi nesistimu yesofthiwe (i-CUDA, i-DLSS) abadali nabadlali begeyimu abayithandayo kakade.
Yikuphi okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu ngokwephrofayili yomsebenzisi?
Uma ungumuntu ofuna ukuba lula futhi udinga ukuthi yonke isofthiwe yakho isebenze kahle kusukela ekuqaleni, i-Intel isalokhu iyindlela ephephile. Kwabathuthukisi abasebenzisa imishini ebonakalayo ye-x86 noma abahleli bamavidiyo abathembele kuma-plugin athile kakhulu, ukwakheka kwendabuko kuyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulula kokuxhuma i -GPU yangaphandle (i-eGPU ) nge-Thunderbolt kuyaqhubeka nokuba yinzuzo ecacile yokuncintisana.
- Abantu abazulazulayo bedijithali nabafundi: I-Qualcomm iyisinqumo esinengqondo ngenxa yokuphila kwayo okunonya kwebhethri kanye nokuqala kwayo okusheshayo.
- Abathandi be-AI kanye nabadali abangochwepheshe: Isiphakamiso se-NVIDIA nge-RTX Spark siyikusasa lokukhiqiza kanye ne-AI yendawo.
- Abadlali bamageyimu namaphrofayili obuchwepheshe: I-Intel ne-AMD zigcina umqhele wazo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuluhlaza kanye nokuhambisana kwazo kwemvelo.
Impi yezezimali nayo inonya. Ngenkathi i-Intel ilwela ukugcina imali engenayo izinzile, i-NVIDIA ingena emalini, ivumela ukuthi itshale imali eningi kakhulu ku-R&D. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni izinkampani ezifana ne -Arm Holdings zizuze kakhulu, njengoba ukwakheka kwayo sekuyisisekelo lapho i-NVIDIA ne-Qualcomm bakha khona umhlaba omusha we-PC.
Imakethe ishintshe kusukela ekubeni yi-monopoly kuya ekubeni yindawo lapho ungakhetha khona phakathi kokuthembeka okuqinisekisiwe kwe-x86 noma ukusebenza kahle okuphazamisayo kwe-ARM . Ngenkathi i-Intel ne-AMD zivikela indawo yazo, i-Qualcomm ne-NVIDIA zichaza kabusha imithetho yomdlalo, zibeka phambili ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ukuze amakhompyutha ethu aziphathe njengamadivayisi eselula anamandla kakhulu kunamabhokisi anzima angaphambilini.
