Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obukhiqizayo buthathe igxathu elikhulu phambili, kodwa le ntuthuko iza ngentengo ephezulu: ukushisa okungapheli. Ingqalasizinda yamanje ifinyelela imikhawulo yayo, njengoba ama-server racks manje edlula amandla angu-50 kW, okwenza abalandeli bendabuko banganele. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, imboni iphendukela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe obuqondile obuya kuma-chip , obungaseyona isilingo selabhorethri kodwa obuyisisekelo esidingekayo sokuvimbela i-AI ekushiseni ngokweqile.
Kulesi simo, kuvele umqondo obonakala sengathi uyahlekisa: amaprosesa okupholisa ngamanzi ashisayo. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyisiwula, leli cebo, elisekelwa yiziqhwaga ezifana neNvidia ne-Eaton, livumela izikhungo zedatha ukuthi zihlale isikhathi eside. Akukhona nje ukushintsha uketshezi olujikelezayo, kodwa mayelana nokucabanga kabusha yonke indlela yokuphatha ugesi nokushisa ukuze amandla okusebenzisa ikhompyutha anganqunyelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kwama-chip.
Indlela ye-jacuzzi: umlingo wama-45ºC
I-Nvidia iveze uhlelo oluphula imithetho yendabuko. Kalula nje, lo mbono usekelwe esimisweni sama-hot tub, lapho amanzi engaba ngu-38-40°C futhi singahlala kuwo ngokunethezeka isikhashana. Nokho, amaseva abo amasha okwakha i-Rubin angasebenza namanzi angenayo ku-45°C. Into emangalisayo ukuthi, ngenxa ye-physics eyisisekelo, ama-chip akhiqiza amandla amaningi kangangokuthi uketshezi oluqukethe amanzi angu-75% kanye ne-25% propylene glycol luyakwazi ukumunca lokho kushisa kalula.
Le nqubo ilula kodwa ihlakaniphile: uketshezi lungena ku-45°C, lumunce ukushisa okuvela kuma-processor, bese luphuma kusekethe cishe ku-55°C. Ngokulondoloza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kangaka lokungena, umehluko wokushisa nomoya wangaphandle mkhulu ngokwanele ukuthi uhlelo lusebenze ngokunganaki ezindaweni eziningi ezifudumele, kusetshenziswa ama-radiator amakhulu angaphandle esikhundleni se-air conditioner enamandla.
Sala kahle ngomsindo kanye nokungcola kwamanzi
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zalolu hlelo ukuthi luqeda isidingo sabalandeli . Leyo misindo evala izindlebe edlula ama-decibel angu-85 iyanyamalala lapho amabhodi wesekethe yeseva evalwa, okudala indawo ethule kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle. Kodwa into eshintsha ngempela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Imibhoshongo yokupholisa yendabuko ekhipha amanzi idla amanzi emazingeni ezimboni, kuyilapho lolu hlelo oluvaliwe ludinga kuphela ukugcwaliswa kokuqala impilo yalo yonke.
Ngenxa yale ndlela, iNvidia ithi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha kungancishiswa cishe ngo-100%. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izindaba ezinhle. Ochwepheshe be-TechCrunch baxwayisa ngokuthi ngisho nesikhungo sedatha esisebenza kahle, ukukhiqiza ugesi osinika amandla kusasebenzisa inani elikhulu lamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma sithembele kugesi yemvelo noma amalahle, adinga amalitha amanzi ku-kWh ngayinye ekhiqizwayo.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile: Amapuleti abandayo kanye ne-CDU
Ukuze kuvinjelwe lolu hlelo ukuthi lungawi, izingxenye ezinembile kakhulu zibalulekile. Amapuleti okupholisa akhiwe nge-microstructure ayisihluthulelo, njengoba ebamba ukushisa okuphakathi kuka-80% no-90%. Uma ipuleti lingaphansi kwezinga, uhlelo luyahluleka; uma luthuthukile, luvumela amandla asetshenziswe ngaphambilini kuma-cooler ukuthi aqondiswe kuma-GPU, okufeza umphumela ofinyelela ku-33% wokusebenzisa ikhompyutha ngokuxhumeka kwamandla ngakunye.
Eceleni kwamabhodi wesekethe, ama-Refrigerant Distribution Units (ama-CDU) asebenza njengobuchopho bohlelo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Eaton kanye ne-Schneider Electric zakha ama-CDU ahlakaniphile ahambisana nokwakheka kukagesi. Lawa mayunithi aphatha ukugeleza kanye nokuphindaphindeka ukuze, uma kukhona okwehlulekayo, uhlelo lungawi, okuvumela ubuningi bamandla besikhathi esizayo obungafinyelela ku-120 kW nge-rack ngayinye.
Ezinye izindlela nezixazululo zesimanje
Ngaphezu kwamanzi ashisayo, kukhona obunye ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo bokulwa nokushisa okuvela kuma-LLM. Isibonelo, ama-heat exchanger angemuva (RDHx) ahlinzeka ngokupholisa lapho kudingeka kusetshenziswa umoya opholile ngoketshezi, asuse ukushisa okufika ku-75 kW. Ngokufanayo, ama-centrifugal chiller angenawo uwoyela avumela ukonga amandla ngokupholisa kwamahhala, alungise izinga lokushisa libe ngu-33°C ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Ukushintshela ekupholiseni koketshezi akusadingeki. Uma ubuningi bamandla budlula ama-kW angu-50, umoya awukwazi ukuhambisa ukushisa ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ukuhlanganisa abaqoqi bensimbi engagqwali kanye nezixazululo eziqondile kuya kuma-chip kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaprosesa e-AMD, Intel, noma i-Nvidia agcina ukusebenza okuzinzile, okuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile ukuthi kunciphise isikhathi sokuphila kwehadiwe.
Ukuqhubekela phambili ekupholiseni amanzi ashisayo kanye nezinhlelo ezivaliwe kubonisa ukuguquka ekusimeni kwe-AI. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-cold plate aqondile, ama-CDU ahlanganisiwe, kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa okusebenzisa izinga lokushisa elizungezile, kungenzeka ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-GPU ngenkathi kunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wamanzi nomsindo, yize inselele yamandla yomhlaba wonke isalokhu iyinselele enkulu embonini.