Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa abuhlali nje efwini; bukhona nasezikhungweni ezinkulu zomzimba ezisebenzisa amandla nezinsiza ngokungapheli. Lezi zikhungo zedatha sezibe umgogodla wokuchuma kobuchwepheshe, ziheha utshalomali olungakaze lubonwe. Ngemuva kwesicelo ngasinye kumsizi obonakalayo noma kuwo wonke amamodeli aqeqeshwe, kunezindawo ezigcwele amaseva adinga ugesi oqhubekayo nezinhlelo zokupholisa ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile.
Ukukhula akunakuvinjelwa, kodwa futhi kudala izinselelo maqondana namandla, amanzi, kanye nezingozi zokusebenza . Okwamanje, iSpain ivela njengenye yezindawo ezikhethwayo zokubamba le ngqalasizinda, njengoba kuqhubeka amaphrojekthi ezigidi zama-euro kanye nendima ebaluleke kakhulu kumephu yekhompyutha yaseYurophu.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili
Izibalo imboni ebhekene nazo ziyamangaza. Ngokusho kwemibiko eminingana, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwaminyaka yonke emhlabeni wonke ezikhungweni zedatha kuzokwenyuka kusuka ku- $500 billion ngo-2024 kuye ngaphezu kwe-$1 trillion ngo-2027. Okunye ukubikezela kukhomba izinga lokukhula kwaminyaka yonke elihlanganisiwe elingu-17% phakathi kuka-2025 no-2030, elifinyelela cishe ku-$1,6 trillion ngonyaka. Le mali ayigcini nje ngokwakha izikhungo ngokwazo, kodwa futhi nobuchwepheshe ezinabo, njengezingxenye zokucubungula ihluzo (ama-GPU) adingekayo kubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
I-Nvidia, umhlinzeki ohamba phambili walezi chips, imemezele izivumelwano nabaphathi bezimpahla abayisithupha abakhulu emhlabeni (i-Apollo, i-BlackRock, i-Blackstone, i-Brookfield, i-Goldman Sachs, ne-KKR) zokuhlanganisa imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-500.000 zamaRandi ukuxhasa izikhungo zedatha kanye nomthamo wekhompyutha. Lo mfelandawonye uguqula ingqalasizinda ye-AI ibe yisigaba sempahla esingatshalwa imali, esifana namapulatifomu kawoyela noma izitshalo zikagesi. Umqondo uwukuthi lo mthamo wokucubungula uzokhiqiza imali engenayo yesikhathi eside, okuvumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bahlanganyele kulokho kugeleza.
Izingozi kanye nomshuwalense: ukuvikela izimpahla ezibalulekile
Njengoba kutshalwe imali eningi kangaka, ukuvikela lezi zikhungo sekubalulekile. Imakethe yomshuwalense wesikhungo sedatha yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi iphindwe kabili, ikhule kusukela cishe ku-$11.000 billion namuhla iye ngaphezu kuka-$24.000 billion ngo-2030 , ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-Allianz Commercial. Lesi sibalo sibonisa ukwanda kwamanani aqinisekisiwe kanye nobunzima obukhulayo bezingozi. Imililo ibangela ngaphezu kwengxenye yokulahlekelwa, kanti izimangalo zidlula u-€700 million. Izikhukhula, ukuvuza kwezinhlelo zokupholisa , kanye nokuphazamiseka kwebhizinisi nakho kuyizinto ezivamile.
Ukuqongelela kwengqalasizinda encikene komunye nomunye kwenza inkinga ibe nkulu. Isigameko esisodwa esibi kakhulu singabangela izinqubomgomo eziningi futhi siholele ekulahlekelweni yizikhungo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisukela ku-$50 million kuya ku-$100 million . Ababolekisi nabatshalizimali manje bafuna izinhlelo zomshuwalense eziqinile ngesikhathi sokwakha nokusebenza, okwenza umshwalense ube yingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhaswa ngezimali kwephrojekthi.
ISpain, isikhungo esisha saseYurophu
ISpain isibe ngenye yezindawo ezikhethwayo zokwakha le ngqalasizinda. Amandla ekhompyutha afakiwe ezikhungweni zedatha yezentengiselwano zaseSpain afinyelele kuma-megawatts angu-439 ekupheleni kuka-2025 , okungu-24% ngaphezulu kunonyaka odlule, futhi angafinyelela kuma-megawatts angu-2.537 ngo-2030. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlanganisiwe okuhleliwe kungu-€66.900 billion ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi, kanye nomnikelo waminyaka yonke olinganiselwa ku-€7.300 billion ku-GDP.
Amaphrojekthi afana nezikhungo zedatha ezingamashumi amathathu ze-Amazon e-Aragon , ezimele ukutshalwa kwezimali okungu-€33.700 billion, noma isikhungo se-Meta eTalavera de la Reina, esinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngezemvelo, sibonisa ubukhulu balokhu kwanda. I-Telefónica, yona, iguqula ukushintshaniswa kwezingcingo ezindala zibe ama-computing node asakazwe, inketho engangenisi kakhulu esebenzisa izakhiwo esezixhunywe kunethiwekhi kakade. Ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba otholakalayo, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nezintambo zasemanzini kubeka iSpain endaweni efanelekile, yize futhi kudala ukungezwani maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi nogesi.
Ukuxhasa ngezimali njengesandla esiqhubayo
Isihluthulelo sokusekela lokhu kukhula sisezimalini. I-Nvidia ithathe isinyathelo esengeziwe ngokudala amapulatifomu ezezimali nabaphathi bezimpahla abanjengoBlackRock noGoldman Sachs, okuzovumela amakhasimende ukuthi afinyelele amandla okucubungula ngaphandle kokukhokha inani eliphelele kusengaphambili. Lokhu kubambisana, okusahambisana nezivumelwano zokugcina, kuhlose ukwenza ukubala kube yimpahla ekwazi ukubhanga , enemibandela ekhangayo yamalebhu e-AI, amabhizinisi, kanye nabahlinzeki bamafu emhlabeni jikelele.
Isinqumo sokuphatha ama-GPU njengempahla yesikhathi eside sibalulekile. Uma ihadiwe igcina inani layo isikhathi eside, ukuxhaswa ngezimali okusekelwe kuleyo mishini kuba ngcono kakhulu. Leli cebo aligcini nje ngokusheshisa ukuthunyelwa kwezikhungo ezintsha kodwa futhi livula ithuba lokuthi abatshalizimali bezikhungo bahlanganyele emkhakheni othembisa imbuyiselo eqhubekayo iminyaka.
Konke kubonisa ukuthi umncintiswano wobuhlakani bokwenziwa ngeke wehle. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukhulu kakhulu, izingozi ziphathwa ngezinqubomgomo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi iSpain ithole indawo evelele ebalazweni laseYurophu. Ingqalasizinda esekela i-AI iguqula isimo , futhi umbuzo awusekho ukuthi izikhungo zedatha zizofika yini, kodwa ukuthi zizohlanganiswa kanjani nemvelo ngaphandle kokuqeda izinsiza abazidingayo. Ifu linomkhondo obonakalayo kakhulu, futhi ikusasa lalobu buchwepheshe lizoncika ekhonweni lethu lokuliphatha ngempumelelo.
