Ukuba nenethiwekhi yendawo ekhaya noma ehhovisi kuhle kakhulu ekudluliseni amafayela ngokushesha nokugcina wonke amadivayisi exhunyiwe, kodwa masingazenzisi: ukuvula umnyango we-inthanethi nakho kuyinto enhle. vula umnyango kubaphangi abangaba khonaNakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi inethiwekhi yethu encane ayinandaba nanoma ubani, iqiniso liwukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwedijithali kuya ngokuya kuba yinto evamile futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, okubeka yonke into kusukela kubumfihlo bethu kuya emalini yethu yasebhange engozini.
Uma uthenge i-router enamandla noma indlu yakho igcwele amagajethi ahlakaniphile, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane ngokuphepha. Akukhona ukuhlanya, kodwa... sebenzisa indlela enezici eziningi lokho kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele nokuqonda okuncane kanye nemikhuba emihle, okuvimbela noma yikuphi ukunganakwa ukuthi kube yimbobo lapho i-malware ingena khona.
Ukuqonda iNethiwekhi ye-LAN kanye Nezingxenye zayo
Okokuqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo, i-LAN (Local Area Network) empeleni inethiwekhi exhumanisa amadivayisi akho endaweni encane, njengegumbi lakho lokuphumula noma ihhovisi. Iningi lethu lisebenzisa indinganiso ye-Ethernet yokuxhumeka okunezintambo kanye ne-Wi-Fi yokuxhumeka okungenantambo (esingakubiza ngokuthi i-WLAN). Ukuze konke lokhu kusebenze, sidinga i- indawo yokuxhuma ephakathi, ngokuvamile i-router, elawula ukuthi ubani ongena nokuthi ubani ophumayo usebenzisa amakheli e-IP kanye ne-MAC.
Ku-hardware, ama-hub awasasetshenziswa kabanzi ngoba ayengasebenzi kahle; manje, amadivayisi ayindlela okufanele ilandelwe. amaswishiLawa madivayisi ayazi kahle ukuthi athumele ulwazi kuliphi. Siphinde sibe nezindawo zokufinyelela (ama-WAP) zokwandisa isignali engenantambo kanye nama-repeater, yize esiza i-Wi-Fi ukuthi ifike ekugcineni kwephasishi, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yindawo ebuthaka uma ingalungiselelwanga kahle.
Kuye ngokuthi isethwe kanjani, singaba nenethiwekhi yeklayenti neseva, efanele izinkampani lapho iseva ephakathi ilawula okunye, noma inethiwekhi kontanga-kontanga (P2P)okuyilungiselelo lasekhaya elijwayelekile lapho ikhompyutha ngayinye inempahla yayo futhi yabelana ngalokho ekufunayo nabanye.
Izinsongo Zangempela: Sibhekene nani?
Ama-hacker awahlali ephula iminyango; ngezinye izikhathi afuna nje ifasitela elivulekile. Ukuhlasela kokuskena kuvame kakhulu, lapho umhlaseli eba khona Ilandelela amachweba avulekile. kusuka kunethiwekhi yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ingangena kuphi. Kukhona futhi amasu angasebenzi njengokuhogela noma ukuskena, okuyisisekelo esihlanganisa ukulalela ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ukuze webe idatha eyimfihlo ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Bese kuba nokuhlasela okunolaka kakhulu. I-Malware iyinkosi lapha: kusukela kumagciwane asula yonke into kuya ku-ransomware entshontsha amafayela akho. Kukhona futhi i- Ubuthi be-DNSokuyinto ekhohlisa isiphequluli sakho ukuze, noma ngabe uthayipha iwebhusayithi yebhange lakho, ugcine usekhasini elingelona iqiniso elenzelwe ukweba amaphasiwedi akho.
Asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuqhekeka kwamaphasiwedi, okuwukuhlasela okujwayelekile kwe-brute-force lapho uhlelo luzama izigidi zezinhlanganisela kuze kube yilapho luthola iphasiwedi yakho. Uma usebenzisa igama elithi "123456" noma igama lenja yakho, Umnika isihluthulelo sendlu kumuntu osebenza ngobugebengu be-inthanethi ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Amasu Okuvikela Inethiwekhi Yakho ye-LAN
Ukuze ulale kahle, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlasela ukulawula ukufinyelela. Khohlwa amaphasiwedi alula; udinga amaphasiwedi ayinkimbinkimbi okungenani izinhlamvu ezingu-8, ukuxuba izinhlamvu ezinkulu, izinhlamvu ezincane, kanye nezimpawu. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA), ukuze noma umuntu eba iphasiwedi yakho, adinge ikhodi efonini yakho yeselula ukuze angene ngemvume.
Icebo elithuthukisiwe nelisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi. Ngokusebenzisa Ama-VLAN (amanethiwekhi abonakalayo)Ungahlukanisa amadivayisi. Isibonelo, ungakha inethiwekhi eyodwa yamadivayisi e-IoT kanye nenye yamakhompyutha akho. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma othile egqekeza i-smart bulb, ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela kalula i-PC yakho lapho unama-akhawunti akho asebhange.
Ukubethela idatha kungenye insika eyisisekelo. Ukusebenzisa amaphrothokholi afana ne-SSL noma i-TLS kuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oluhamba kunethiwekhi alufundeki kunoma ubani ozama ukuluvimba. Emngceleni, i-firewall enhle ibalulekile hlunga ithrafikhi esolisayo futhi uvimbele noma yimiphi imizamo yokuxhumeka okungagunyaziwe evela ngaphandle.
Ukuvikelwa Kwedivayisi kanye Nesici Somuntu
Kokubili isofthiwe kanye ne-firmware ye-router yakho kanye namadivayisi akho kumele kuhlale kusesikhathini. Abakhiqizi bakhipha njalo ama-patch okuphepha ukuze bavale ubuthakathaka obutholwe ngabaphangi. Ziba isibuyekezo Kuwukushiya umnyango uvulekile ngamabomu. Uma ungakwazi, vumela ukuphathwa kwe-patch okuzenzakalelayo ukuze ungakhumbuli ukukwenza njalo ngenyanga.
Kulabo abakhathazekile ngama-baby monitors noma amagajethi aseShayina, isihluthulelo sisekulawulweni kokufinyelela kwenethiwekhi (i-NAC) kanye nokuphepha kwe-endpoint. I-NAC iqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ngaphambi kokunikeza ukufinyelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile. Gwema ukusebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezizenzakalelayoShintsha njalo iphasiwedi yomlawuli ezenzakalelayo ku-router yakho namadivayisi e-IoT.
Ekugcineni, isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kakhulu ngokuvamile ngumsebenzisi. I-Phishing, lawo ma-imeyili abukeka engokoqobo kodwa aklanyelwe ukweba idatha yakho, isalokhu iyithuluzi eliyintandokazi yabahlaseli. Ukuzivikela okungcono kakhulu imfundo: qaphela izixhumanisi ezingajwayelekile, ungalandi amafayela asolisayo, futhi gcina umuzwa obucayi lapho upheqa iwebhu.
Ukuze kufezwe indawo ephephile yedijithali, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa izibuyekezo zehadiwe nesofthiwe eziqhubekayo nokuphathwa kokufinyelela okuhlakaniphile, ukusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi ukuze kuhlukaniswe amadivayisi asengozini futhi kuqiniswe ubunikazi ngokhiye abaqinile kanye nokubethela, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubumfihlo kanye nobuqotho bolwazi kuhlala kuphephile kunoma yikuphi ukungena kwangaphandle noma iphutha lomuntu.
