Kulesi simo, amaqembu ocwaningo avela eYurophu nase-United States athathe isinyathelo esiphawulekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwe izandla zerobhothi ezikwazi ukuzihambela zodwa, ezikwaziyo ukususwaLo mqondo uhlukana nendlela evamile yokulingisa ukwakheka komzimba womuntu kuze kufike ku-millimeter futhi uvule umnyango wemisebenzi enembile kakhulu emakhoneni aqinile, ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, noma ezimweni lapho ingalo eqinile ingenakukwazi ukufinyelela khona.
Isandla serobhothi esizimelayo engalweni
Iphrojekthi ekhiqiza izihloko zezindaba eziningi ivela ekubambisaneni phakathi kwe- I-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) futhi i I-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)Umqondo wayo oyinhloko ulula ukuwusho njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukuwuphinda kumuntu: ukunikeza ukuzimela okuphelele esandleni maqondana nengalo yonkeukuze ikwazi ukusebenza ixhunywe ohlelweni oluyinhloko noma izihambele yodwa lapho umsebenzi uyidinga.
Ithimba, elalihlanganisa neqembu elivelele lonjiniyela be-EPFL elake laholwa ngumcwaningi uXiao Gao, ligweme ngamabomu ukudala ikhophi enembile yesandla somuntu. Esikhundleni sokwamukela ukulinganiselwa kwaso, njengokungalingani noma ubunzima bokusebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile, ligxile ku umklamo owakhelwe ngqo amarobhothi kanye nokunqoba leyo mingcele yezinto eziphilayo.
Empeleni, isandla singasebenza njengengxenye yengalo yerobhothi evamile yemisebenzi ejwayelekile futhi, uma kudingeka ukungenelela okukhethekile, Iyahlukana bese iqala ukuhamba isebenzisa iminwe yayo njengezindawo zokusekela.Leli khono "lokuhamba" ezindaweni liyivumela ukuthi ingene ezikhaleni, emigodini, noma ezakhiweni lapho irobhothi eliyinhloko lingeke likwazi ukungena ngaphandle kokudiliza ingxenye yendawo.
Le ndlela ihambisana nomkhuba walokho okubizwa ngokuthi amarobhothi asetshenziswa kabanziAkuhlosile nje ukuhambisana nekhono lomuntu, kodwa kuhlose ukuya phambili ngokwezinga lokuguquguquka, ukufinyelela, kanye nobubanzi bokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke isandla esisuswayo sicatshangwa njengokuguquka okusebenzayo kwesandla somuntu kunokuba kube yikhophi nje yomshini.
Umklamo olinganayo kanye nokucushwa kweminwe okuguquguqukayo
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zalo modeli ukuthi ukwakheka okulinganayo ngokupheleleAbacwaningi bathuthukise izinhlobo ezimbili, enye ineminwe emihlanu kanti enye inesithupha, zombili zinesandla esingamasentimitha angu-16 ububanzi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kweminwe okuhlukana nesimo esivamile somuntu seminwe emine kanye nesithupha ohlangothini olulodwa.
Ngenxa yale geometry, Noma yimiphi iminwe emibili ingasebenza ngendlela efanayo lapho ibambaAkukho "uhlangothi oluhle" kanye "nohlangothi olubi" lwesandla, ngakho-ke singasondela entweni sisuka ezinhlangothini eziningi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuhambisana kuyasiza kakhulu uma isandla singaxhumene futhi kumele sihambe ezindaweni eziqinile, lapho umkhawulo wokubeka kabusha uncane kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela basebenze kakhulu ekwandiseni i- ububanzi bokunyakaza kanye nekhono lokubamba lomunwe ngamunyeUmgomo uwukuba umunwe owodwa ukwazi ukumelana nanoma yimiphi eminye, hhayi nje isithupha esithile, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe inhlanganisela yokubamba engaba khona. Le nkululeko eyengeziwe ihumusha ekulawuleni izinto ezinezimo nobukhulu obuhlukene.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi isandla senzelwe ukunikeza bamba kokubili phambili nangemuvaNgamanye amazwi, akugcini nje ngokubamba izinto ebusweni bayo bangaphambili, kodwa futhi kungazisekela ngenkathi usebenzisa amathuluzi noma usebenza kwezinye izinto. Leli khono "elinamacala amabili" livumela, isibonelo, ukubamba ingxenye eyodwa bese usebenzisa ithuluzi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngeminye iminwe ngaphandle kokudinga isandla sesibili.
Lokhu kugxila ekuphatheni okusebenzayo kuyaphambana nendlela yakudala yamaphrojekthi amaningi amarobhothi, ayefuna ukuphinda akhiqize ukwakheka komzimba womuntu cishe ngokuningiliziwe. Lapha, okubaluleke kakhulu akukhona ukwethembeka kwezinto eziphilayo, kodwa ukusebenza kahle.Lokhu kunokuhumusha okuqondile ezindaweni zokuhlola zezimboni noma eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokubuyiswa kwezinto ngokulandelana
Uma isandla sisuka engalweni, isici saso esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu siyavela: ikhono lokuhamba ezindaweni ngokuzimelaIsebenzisa iminwe yayo njengezindawo zokusekela ezihlelekile, idivayisi iyakwazi ukukhasa, iqhubekele phambili, futhi izihlele kabusha ukuze ithole futhi ithathe izinto ezikude kakhulu nerobhothi eliyinhloko.
Ezivivinyweni ezichazwe abacwaningi ngokwabo, isandla sibonise ukuthi singakwazi thola izinto ezifika kwezintathu zilandelana bese ubuyela engalweni ukuze ubambe kabusha, ugcine ukubamba okuqinile ezingxenyeni ezithwalayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lolu chungechunge, oluye lwahlolwa ngezinto zansuku zonke, lubonisa ngokucacile uhlobo lwemisebenzi eyaklanyelwa yona.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izinto ezifana amashubhu ekhadibhodi, amabhola erabha, omaka kanye namathini ensimbiZonke zakhethwa ukuze zilingise izimo ezivamile ezindaweni zokugcina impahla, ama-workshop, noma imigqa yokukhiqiza. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi isandla singabamba ngokuphephile izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimo kanye nokuthungwa, silondoloze ukuqina ngisho nalapho sihamba.
Idivayisi ikwazile ukukhiqiza kabusha Izinhlobo ezingu-33 ezahlukene zokubamba komuntuLeli yinani elibalulekile uma ucabangela ubunzima besandla sezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liphathe izinto ezinesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu amabili ngaphandle kobunzima, inani elanele imisebenzi eminingi ehilela ukuphathwa kwezingxenye, amathuluzi, noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo emikhakheni yezimboni neyezinsizakalo.
Lokhu kusebenza kuqinisekisa, ngokusho kwababhali balolu cwaningo, ukuthi ukwakheka okulinganayo kanye nokuhlukanisa okusebenzayo Zisivumela ukuthi sinqobe eminye yemikhawulo yakudala yezandla zerobhothi zendabuko, ezenzelwe kakhulu ukuphindaphinda imisebenzi eqondile kunokuzenzela izinto ezintsha ezindaweni ezishintshayo noma okunzima ukuzifinyelela.
Izicelo embonini, ekusindiseni nasekuhloleni
Ukugxila okuyinhloko kwalesi sandla esisuswayo kusobala ukuthi kuyizimboni, kokubili ukuhlolwa kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini kanye nezindawoEmafektri noma ezitshalweni zokucubungula, ikhono lokufinyelela ngesandla kuphela engosini, ekhejini, noma epayipini elincane kunciphisa isidingo sokuvala imigqa yonke noma ukudiliza izakhiwo ukuze kufinyelelwe endaweni ethile.
Ezimweni zokulungisa, lokhu kuzimela kunikeza okunye okuthakazelisayo kunokusebenzisa amathuluzi amakhulu. Isandla singafakwa emakhabetheni kagesi, emishinini eyinkimbinkimbi, noma ezindaweni ezimboziwe. lapho ingalo eqinile ingaba nobunzima obukhulu bokufinyelela ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo obalulekile. Uma ingaphakathi, ingalawula izibambo, izikulufo, izintambo, noma ezinye izingxenye ngokunemba okufana nokwesandla somuntu oqeqeshwe.
Abacwaningi baphinde baqokomise amandla ayo emisebenzini ye- ukutakula nokuhlolaEmisebenzini ezindaweni ezivalekile, ezibhidlikile, noma engqalasizinda engaphansi komhlaba, isandla esisuswayo singasebenza njengohlobo lomhloli othintayo okwazi ukuhamba emigwaqweni emincane, ukuhlola isimo sezakhiwo, noma ukubuyisa izinto ezibucayi ngaphandle kokubeka abantu ezingozini ezingadingekile.
Emisebenzini yokuhlola, kokubili ezindaweni zemvelo okunzima ukuzifinyelela kanye nasezikhungweni zesayensi noma zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuba nesandla serobhothi esisebenza Akuxhomekile emugqeni oqondile wokubona noma ubude bengalo egcwele. Kuvula amathuba amasha. Isibonelo, kungangena emigodini yamadwala, amapayipi, noma emiseleni ukuze kuthathwe amasampula, kubekwe izinzwa, noma kusebenze izindlela.
Sekukonke, lobu buchwepheshe buhambisana kahle nomkhuba wamanje wokuya izinhlelo zamarobhothi eziguquguqukayo neziguquguqukayo, kuphi "Amamojula" ahlukene akhethekile asebenza ndawonye ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbiIsandla esisuswayo siba ngenye yalezo zimojuli ezibalulekile, ezenzelwe ukuphathwa kahle ezindaweni lapho amanye amarobhothi noma amathuluzi engenakufinyeleleka kalula khona.
Izinselele ezivelele kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni
Naphezu kwemiphumela etholakele, labo abaphethe iphrojekthi ngokwabo baphikelela ukuthi Kuseyisibonelo esisesigabeni selabhorethriUkuze isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zangempela, kubalulekile ukunqoba izinselele eziningana zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo zamarobhothi.
Enye yezinkinga ezivelele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesandla nge izinto ezinkulu, isisindo, noma i-geometry engajwayelekileKuze kube manje, ibonise ukusebenza okuqinile ngezinto ezilawulekayo, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke embonini noma ekusindiseni kudala izinselele ezengeziwe ngesimo sezingxenye ezinkulu, izindawo ezingajwayelekile, noma izinto ezidinga kakhulu.
Esinye isici okufanele silungiswe ukujwayelana kwesandla ukuze izimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukeneKusukela ezindaweni ezinokungcola, uthuli, noma umswakama kuya ezimweni ezinokudlidliza noma ukuphazamiseka, kumele ibonise ukuqina okufanayo okudingekayo kweminye imishini yezimboni ukuze ibe usizo ngempela, ngaphandle kokulahla ukunemba kwayo okuphawulekayo.
Abacwaningi baphinde bakhomba isidingo sokuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe ku- imisebenzi yangempelaNgaphandle kwezilingo ezilawulwayo, umqondo uwukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe emisebenzini eqondile emafektri, ezindaweni zezinsizakalo, noma engqalasizinda ebalulekile, lapho bungasebenza khona kanye namarobhothi asevele esetshenzisiwe futhi bubonise umnikelo walo ngokusebenza kahle nokuphepha.
Esikhathini esimaphakathi, ithimba ngokwalo lisikisela ukuthi lo msebenzi ungaholela ushintsho oluyisisekelo emcabangweni wezandla zamarobhothiEsikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokuzama ukulingisa ukwakheka komuntu kuze kube semininingwaneni yokugcina, ucwaningo lungaqondiswa ekwakhiweni okusebenzayo, okulinganiselayo kanye nokwe-modular, okwenzelwe izidingo zangempela zemboni kanye nokuhlola, kokubili eYurophu nakwezinye izindawo lapho ukuzenzekela kuchuma khona.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezandla zerobhothi ezikhishwayo, ukwakheka okulinganayo, kanye nekhono eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe kukhomba kurobhothi eguquguqukayo kakhulu kunalokho esikubona namuhla ezimbonini noma emalabhorethri; uma lezi zixazululo ziphumelela ekuhlolweni ngaphandle kwendawo yocwaningo, zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza ngokuphepha nangokunembile ezindaweni ezivalekile, izikhungo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nemisebenzi lapho ukushesha kwesandla esizimele kwenza khona umehluko omkhulu.
