El Idatha ye-PN532 Ingenye yezingxenye eziguquguqukayo nezidumile phakathi konjiniyela abafuna ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-RFID/NFC kumaphrojekthi abo. Le mojula inikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zokusebenza ezivumela ukufunda nokubhala amathegi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi we-NFC ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwawo njengesifanisi sekhadi. Uma uthanda izinto zikagesi noma ufuna nje ukufaka ubuchwepheshe be-NFC kumasistimu akho, i-PN532 iyisixazululo esinconywa kakhulu.
Ngezinketho zokuxhumana ezimbalwa kanye nohlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuka ezinkokhelweni ezingaxhunywanga ukuya ekulawuleni ukufinyelela, le chip isithole ukuduma phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabathandi be-DIY. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici, izixhumanisi, ukusetshenziswa nemitapo yolwazi etholakalayo eyenza i-PN532 ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lanoma yimuphi unjiniyela.
Iyini i-PN532?
I-PN532 iyichip yokuxhumana ye-NFC (Near Field Communication) esebenza ngemvamisa engu-13.56 MHz Idizayinelwe ukuxhumana nomaka be-RFID namadivayisi e-NFC, le chip iyisandiso sobuchwepheshe be-RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Eqinisweni, noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongenziwa nge-RFID nawo ungaphathwa kusetshenziswa i-NFC, ephinde inikeze izici ezengeziwe ezifana nokuxhumana kwabantu ababili.
Le chip yaziwa ngekhono layo lokusebenza ngezindawo zokuxhumana ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa i-UART, I2C ne-SPI, iyenze ibe nezimo kakhulu lapho ihlanganisa amaphrojekthi anama-microcontrollers afana ne-Arduino noma i-Raspberry Pi. Lezi zici zenza i-PN532 ibe inketho ekahle yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula ukufinyelela, ukukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta, amasistimu okuqinisekisa namanye amaphrojekthi adinga ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ze-RFID/NFC.
Izixhumanisi zokuxhumana
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-PN532 amandla ayo okuxhumana ngokusebenzisa izindawo ezintathu ezahlukene:
- I-SPI (I-Serial Peripheral Interface): Ivumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo phakathi kwe-PN532 namanye amadivaysi, awusizo ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi adinga ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu.
- I-I2C (I-Inter-Integrated Circuit): Ilungele amaphrojekthi lapho ukulondoloza izikhonkwane zoxhumano kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kudinga imigqa yomzimba embalwa kune-SPI.
- I-UART (I-Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter): Ivumela ukuxhumana okuqondile kumadivayisi afana namakhompyutha asebenzisa iziguquli ze-USB-Serial, okwenza kube lula inqubo yokuthuthukisa ezisekelweni zedeskithophu.
Zonke lezi zinketho zokuxhumana zenza ukuhlanganisa imojula ye-PN532 ibe amaphrojekthi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kube umsebenzi olula nowenziwa ngezifiso kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi, ungakhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo esifanelana nezidingo zakho.
Izici zobuchwepheshe
I-PN532 igqamile hhayi kuphela ngokuguquguquka kwayo ngokwezinhlobo zesixhumi esibonakalayo, kodwa futhi ochungechungeni lwezici zobuchwepheshe eziyenza ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene ngokwedlulele:
- Imvamisa yokusebenza: 13.56 MHz, okuyindinganiso yezokuxhumana ze-NFC.
- Umnikazi welebula: I-Mifare1 S50, S70, Ultralight, Pro ne-DESFire.
- Isivinini sokudlulisa: Kufika ku-10 Mbit/s kuzixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-SPI. Ku-I2C ne-UART, ukusebenza kwayo nakho kuhle kakhulu, nakuba kulinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
- I-voltage yokusebenza: Isebenza phakathi kwe-3.3V ne-5V DC, iyenze ihambisane nama-microcontroller amaningi namabhodi okuthuthukisa.
- Ibanga lokusebenza: Ngokuya ngothi nemvelo, uhla olusebenzayo lokufunda nokubhala lwamathegi e-NFC lungaba amasentimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-10, alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekela amazinga amaningana e-RFID/NFC afana ne-ISO/IEC 14443A kanye no-B, okuyiwona avame kakhulu ekulawuleni ukufinyelela nezinhlelo zokukhokha.
Ukusekelwa Kwenkundla
Enye amaphuzu aqinile we-PN532 ukuhambisana kwayo okubanzi namapulatifomu entuthuko ahlukahlukene. Ngezansi sibala ezinye ezidume kakhulu:
- I-Arduino: Kunemitapo yolwazi ethile, njengaleyo eyakhiwe i-Adafruit, eyenza ukusebenza ne-PN532 kule nkundla kube lula kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa izibonelo zekhodi ukuze ufunde futhi ubhale omaka, uhlole ama-UID wamakhadi, noma ulingise omaka.
- Okusajingijolo Pi: Ngenxa yokusekelwa kwemitapo yolwazi efana ne-libnfc, ukuhlanganisa i-PN532 nale divayisi edumile kulula. Ungakwazi ukuxhuma imojula nge-SPI, i-UART noma i-I2C futhi uqale ukusebenza nayo ngokushesha ukuze wenze imisebenzi efana nokuqinisekisa noma ukufunda amakhadi e-NFC.
- Amanye ama-microcontroller: Ukuvumelana nezimo kwe-PN532 kuyivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe nezinye izilawuli ezincane inqobo nje uma kutholakala imitapo yolwazi efanele. Ezinye izibonelo yi-ESP8266, ESP32 kanye ne-STM32, phakathi kwezinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-PN532 ngokuyixhuma kukhompyutha ngekhebula le-USB-Serial ukuze usebenze ngokuqondile kudeskithophu. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuthuthukiswa ezidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokulungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izicelo ze-PN532
Amandla e-PN532 awagcini nje ekufundeni nasekubhaleni amathegi. Izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza ziningi futhi zisukela ekugunyazweni kwedivayisi kuye kumasistimu okukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zale mojula ye-NFC/RFID:
- Amasistimu okulawula ukufinyelela: I-PN532 ingasetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela kwamakhadi e-RFID/NFC ezakhiweni, emahhovisi noma kumaphrojekthi okukhiya okuhlakaniphile. Ukunethezeka kwe-UID yekhadi engafundwa futhi iqinisekiswe ngakho kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ahlobene nokuvikeleka.
- Izinkokhelo ezingathinteki: Ngenxa yekhono layo lokuxhumana nomakhalekhukhwini abasekela i-NFC, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta zisetshenziswa kalula kusetshenziswa le mojula. Inhlanganisela namapulatifomu afana ne-Arduino noma i-Raspberry Pi yenza kube lula ukwakha izinhlelo zokukhokha ezivikelekile nezisebenza kahle.
- I-Inventory namasistimu okulandelela: Ngokusetshenziswa kwamathegi e-NFC, i-PN532 ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise i-warehouse noma izixazululo zokuphatha izinto. Imikhiqizo ingamakwa ngomaka be-RFID, futhi imojuli izoba nesibopho sokubhalisa nokuqinisekisa lapho itholakala khona.
- Ukulingisa umaka: Esinye sezici ezithuthuke kakhulu ze-PN532 amandla ayo okulingisa amathegi e-MIFARE noma amanye amakhadi ahambisanayo. Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukulingisa amakhadi ezindaweni zokuhlola noma ukusebenzisana namasistimu adinga ukuba khona ngokomzimba kwekhadi ngaphandle kokulisebenzisa ngempela.
Zonke lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zenza i-PN532 ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lonjiniyela abasebenza kumaphrojekthi we-IoT, i-automation, nanoma iyiphi indawo edinga ukuqinisekiswa nokudluliswa kwedatha okuvikelekile.
Ukuhlanganisa nokuxhumana
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemodyuli ye-PN532 kulula kakhulu. Imojula ihlanganisa i-DIP-SWITCH ekuvumela ukuthi ukhethe isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana ofuna ukusisebenzisa. Ukucushwa okuyisisekelo kwezindawo zokusebenzelana ezahlukene kungokulandelayo:
- Ukuxhumeka kwe-I2C: Ukuze usebenzise i-PN532 nge-I2C, vele ulungise i-DIP-SWITCH ehambisanayo bese uxhuma izikhonkwane ze-SDA (idatha) kanye ne-SCL (iwashi) phakathi kwemojuli nesilawuli esincane sakho.
- Ukuxhumeka kwe-SPI: Endabeni ye-SPI, uzodinga ukuxhuma izikhonkwane ze-MOSI, MISO, SCK kanye ne-SS, ngaphezu kokukhetha inketho ehambisanayo ku-DIP-SWITCH.
- UART uxhumano: Uma ukhetha ukusebenza nge-UART, ungakwazi ukuxhuma ngokuqondile ikhebula le-USB-Serial futhi uxhumane nemojuli ku-PC yakho noma isilawuli esincane.
Imojuli futhi ivamise ukuphelezelwa amaphinikhodi namakhebuli e-dupont wesifazane-wesifazane, okwenza kube lula nakakhulu ukuxhuma kwamanye amadivaysi. Ukwengeza, kuvamile ukuthi ikhadi le-NFC nokhiye wokhiye kufakwe njengengxenye yekhithi.
Eminye imininingwane ebalulekile
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-PN532 kuyehluka kuye ngemisebenzi oyenzayo. Kumodi yokulinda, ukusetshenziswa cishe ku-100 mA, ngenkathi kusebenza, lokhu kungakhuphuka ku-120 mA. Kodwa-ke, imojula futhi inezinhlobo ezimbili zamandla aphansi: I-Soft-Power-Down, esebenzisa u-22 uA, kanye ne-Hard-Power-Down, esebenzisa i-1A kuphela. Lokhu kuwusizo kumaphrojekthi lapho ukonga ugesi kubalulekile.
Esinye isici esithakazelisayo yikhono le-PN532 lokusebenza ngefomethi ye-NDEF (ifomethi ye-NFC Data Exchange), okuyindinganiso esetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa ulwazi phakathi kwamadivayisi e-NFC. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, isibonelo, i-smartphone ingafunda i-URL, umbhalo noma idatha egcinwe kumaki adalwe nalolu hlelo.
Okokugcina, kufanelekile futhi ukugqamisa umphakathi osebenzayo ozungeze ukusetshenziswa kwe-PN532. Njengoba kunemibhalo eningi etholakala ku-inthanethi, ukwesekwa okuvela ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Adafruit nemitapo yolwazi ehlukahlukene, kulula ukuthola usizo nesiqondiso sanoma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nale mojuli.
Ngamafuphi, i-PN532 iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-NFC ne-RFID kumaphrojekthi, igqama ngokuguquguquka kwayo, izixhumanisi zokuxhumana eziningi kanye nokulula engahlanganiswa ngayo ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe ku-microcontroller. Noma ngabe udinga ukuthuthukisa amasistimu okulawula ukufinyelela, ukukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta noma ukulingisa ikhadi, le mojula inikeza isisombululo esiphelele.