Eneminyaka eyi-15 kuphela ubudala, u-Evan Budz , umfundi waseDundas, e-Ontario, usungule ufudu oluyirobhothi olungaphansi kwamanzi olukwazi ukubona ukungcola kanye nezinsongo zemvelo ngokunemba okungu-96%. Ukusungula kwakhe, okubizwa ngokuthi iBionic Underwater Robotic Turtle (BURT), kuthole indawo komunye wemincintiswano yesayensi yentsha ehlonishwa kakhulu eYurophu, okuvuse isithakazelo emphakathini wocwaningo ngendlela yalo esebenzayo nengabizi kakhulu.
Kunokuba yiphrojekthi yesikole elula, i-BURT ihlanganisa i-biomimicry, i-robotics, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kudivayisi ezimele ehamba buthule ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ephefumulelwe ukuziphatha kwezimfudu eziqhumayo eGreat Lakes, uBudz wafuna enye indlela esikhundleni sezindiza ezingaphansi kwamanzi zendabuko, ezivame ukuthembela kuma-propeller anomsindo angaba yingozi ezindaweni zemvelo okuhloswe ukuba zifundwe.
Ufudu oluyirobhothi oluphefumulelwe yimvelo
Ama-drone amaningi angaphansi kwamanzi athengiswayo athembele kuma-propeller ukuze ahambe, okudala umsindo, okushintsha ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo, futhi kungalimaza izindawo zokuhlala ezibuthakathaka njengemifula yamakhorali noma izindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Ebona indlela izimfudu ezazihamba ngayo ngokucasha eGreat Lakes, u-Evan Budz weza nomqondo olula kodwa ophumelelayo: ukulingisa indlela yazo yokubhukuda.
Umphumela uba yi-BURT, irobhothi elisebenzisa uhlelo lwamafin aguquguqukayo esikhundleni sama-propeller motors . Lawa mafin aphinda i-kinematics yama-turtle angempela, okuvumela ukunyakaza okubushelelezi nokuthule. Lo mehluko, ongase ubonakale uncane, uyisihluthulelo somsebenzi wesayensi ngoba uvumela abacwaningi ukuthi bafunde indawo engaphansi kwamanzi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izilwane noma ukushintsha imingcele abafuna ukuyilinganisa.
Ngenxa yendlela yayo ye-biomimetic, i-BURT ingahamba kokubili ezitsheni zamakhorali kanye nasezindaweni zokuhlala zamanzi ahlanzekile , idlule ezindaweni ezibucayi ngaphandle kokudala ukuxokozela okukhulu noma umsindo wemishini. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elithakazelisayo kakhulu lamaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kolwandle kanye nokuqapha izindawo zemvelo ezisengozini.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuklama ukuthi irobhothi lenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuzimela nangokuzinzile ngaphansi kwamanzi , ligwema ukunyakaza okungazelelwe noma okungalindelekile. Lokhu kuzinza kokuhamba kubalulekile ekuqoqeni idatha esezingeni eliphezulu nokuthola izithombe noma izilinganiso ezifanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bokuqapha ukungcola ngesikhathi sangempela
Nakuba ingaphandle likaBURT lihlaba umxhwele ngokufana kwalo nofudu, igxathu langempela lobuchwepheshe lingaphakathi . Lo mfana waseCanada uhlanganise uhlelo lokufunda komshini ngqo kurobhothi, okwenza likwazi ukucubungula idatha ngaphandle kokuthembela kumaseva angaphandle noma ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo komhlaba.
Lo modeli wobuhlakani bokwenziwa uqeqeshwe ukuhlonza imfucumfucu yepulasitiki, izinhlobo ezihlaselayo, kanye nezimpawu zokucindezeleka kokushisa , njengokumhlophe kwamakhorali. Njengoba irobhothi lihamba, lithwebula izithombe kanye nemingcele yemvelo ehlaziywa yi-AI ngesikhathi sangempela, ikhiqize imephu yezinsongo ezikhona endaweni eqashwe.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngohlelo kubonisa ukunemba okungu-96% ekutholeni lezi zici eziyingozi , okuyisibalo esibeka lo modeli ezingeni elifanayo—futhi ngisho nangaphezulu—nezixazululo eziningi zobungcweti ezidinga amaqembu abantu ukuthi abukeze idatha uma ukucwila sekuphelile.
Leli khono lokuhlaziya elingaphakathi livumela abacwaningi nochwepheshe ukuthola izexwayiso ezisheshayo mayelana nezinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi, ukuba khona kwemfucumfucu, noma ukusabalala kwezinhlobo eziyinkinga. Ezimweni lapho isikhathi sokuphendula sibalulekile, njengokuchitheka okungalindelekile noma iziqephu zokucindezeleka kokushisa, ukuba nolwazi olusesikhathini kwenza umehluko phakathi kokunciphisa umonakalo kanye nokwephuza kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungadingi uxhumano oluqhubekayo kumaseva anamandla aphezulu, i-BURT inciphisa ukuthembela engqalasizinda ebizayo neyinkimbinkimbi . Lokhu kuvula umnyango wokusebenzisa amadivayisi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izindawo ezinkulu, ezingaba wusizo ikakhulukazi emachwebeni amakhulu, ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi olwandle, kanye nasezindaweni ezisogwini zaseYurophu ezivezwe emisebenzini yabantu eminingi.
Ubuchwepheshe obungabizi kakhulu benkinga yomhlaba wonke
Esinye sezici ezihlabe umxhwele kakhulu umphakathi wesayensi ukuthi irobhothi lakhiwe ngezinto ezivamile kanye nehadiwe eshibhile . I-Budz yayingenayo ilabhorethri enkulu yaseyunivesithi noma isabelomali samadola ayisigidi, kodwa yayinezingxenye ezitholakala kalula noma ubani angazithola emakethe.
Le ndlela ikhombisa ukuthi ukusungula izinto ezintsha kumarobhothi emvelo akudingeki kube yizikhungo ezinkulu zocwaningo kuphela . Uma umfundi wesikole samabanga aphezulu engaqinisekisa uhlelo olunembe kangaka esebenzisa izinsiza ezilinganiselwe, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi ezakhamuzi noma ezemfundo angalandela indlela efanayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezingabizi kakhulu nobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuhlanganisiwe kuveza isimo esithakazelisayo sesayensi yezakhamuzi. Izinhlangano zemvelo, amaqembu okuntywila, izikhungo, noma ngisho nohulumeni basekhaya, esikhathini esizayo, bangaba namathuluzi afanayo okuqapha imifula, amachibi, ugu lolwandle, kanye nezindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle ngaphandle kokuthembela njalo emikhankasweni yokulinganisa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Esimweni saseYurophu, lapho ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kuyizinto eziza kuqala ezisungulwe ngumthetho we-EU, ubuchwepheshe balolu hlobo buhambisana namasu okuqapha aqhubekayo akhuthazwa yiBrussels. Izinhlelo ezizimele nezingabizi kakhulu zingavumela ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela noma lezo ezinezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa.
Ngaphandle kwecala elithile le-BURT, le phrojekthi ibhebhezela impikiswano ekhulayo: iyiphi indima okufanele idlalwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ekulondolozeni iplanethi ? Ngokungafani nezingxoxo ezigxile ezingozini zomsebenzi noma ekusetshenzisweni kwezentengiselwano kwe-AI, izinhlelo ezinjengalezi zikhomba ezicelweni ezinomthelela oqondile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.
Kusukela egalaji kuya embukisweni wesayensi waseYurophu
Umsebenzi ka-Evan Budz awuzange uphele endaweni yakubo kuphela. UBURT wakhethwa ukumela iCanada kuMncintiswano We-European Union for Young Scientists (EUCYS), omunye wemincintiswano yentsha ehlonishwa kakhulu kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
Lo mncintiswano uhlanganisa amaphrojekthi athuthukiswa abafundi minyaka yonke eYurophu , ubonisa izixazululo ezintsha emikhakheni efana nobunjiniyela, i-biomedicine, i-physics, kanye nokusimama. Iqiniso lokuthi irobhothi elingaphansi kwamanzi elenziwe yintsha selifinyelele leli zinga lokuqashelwa likhuluma ngamandla alo njengethuluzi lokuqapha imvelo elikhulu.
Kumphakathi wabacwaningi abagxile ekulondolozweni kolwandle, ithuluzi elinjalo liphendula esidingweni esithile : ukuba nezinhlelo ezikwazi ukubona izinguquko ezisheshayo ezindaweni zemvelo ngesikhathi ezenzeka ngaso, hhayi ezinsukwini noma emavikini ngemva kokucutshungulwa kwedatha eqoqwe umkhumbi wocwaningo noma umkhankaso wesikhathi esisodwa.
Lesi sikhathi singaba balulekile ekungeneleleni ngaphambi kokuba usongo lungabi luhlehliswa. Uma ubuchwepheshe obuphefumulelwe yi-BURT busetshenziswa ngokuhlelekile ezindaweni ezisogwini lwaseYurophu, ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi olwandle, noma ezindaweni ezivikelwe , kungenzeka ukuqinisa izindlela zokuxwayisa zakuqala ezinikezwe ezinqubomgomo zemvelo ze-European Union.
Ukuqashelwa kwale phrojekthi emhlabeni wonke kuthumela umyalezo ezikhungweni zemfundo zaseYurophu kanye nezinhlangano zesayensi: ukusekela izinhlelo zentsha kwezamarobhothi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa imisebenzi, kodwa futhi kungahumushela ezixazululweni eziwusizo zezinkinga zangempela, njengokungcola kolwandle noma ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ifasitela lekusasa lokuqapha imvelo
Kukhona esinye isici salo msebenzi esingaphawulwa: ithuba lokukhulisa lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe . Uma i-BURT ibonise ukuthi irobhothi elisebenzayo lingakhiwa ngezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe, izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe zingafaka izinzwa ezengeziwe ukukala amapharamitha afana ne-pH, usawoti, ukuhlushwa kwezakhamzimba, noma ukuba khona kwezinsimbi ezisindayo.
EYurophu, lapho kukhuthazwa khona ukuthunyelwa kwamanethiwekhi okubuka olwandle nolwandle , inqwaba yamadivayisi aphefumulelwe yilolu fudu oluyirobhothi ingahambisana nama-buoy akhona, amasathelayithi, neziteshi zasogwini. Lawa mapulatifomu eselula anganikeza umbono onemininingwane eminingi ngalokho okwenzekayo ngaphansi komhlaba, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho idatha ingekho khona okwamanje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso lokuthi i-AI ihlanganiswe nerobhothi ngokwayo lenza kube lula ukucabanga ngezimo lapho amadivayisi amaningana asebenzisana khona , abelana ngolwazi futhi axhumanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo imizila yokuhlola. Lokhu kubambisana phakathi kwamarobhothi kuzowavumela ukuthi ahambe amabanga amade ngaphandle kokukhulisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza.
Ezingeni lemfundo, amaphrojekthi afana ne-Budz abonisa ukuthi amarobhothi angaphansi kwamanzi kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kungaba amathuluzi okufundisa anamandla. Ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu nasemanyuvesi aseYurophu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonelo ezifanayo kungavumela abafundi ukuthi bafunde ukuhlela izinhlelo, ama-elekthronikhi, omakhenikha, ngisho nokuphathwa kwedatha yezemvelo ngendlela ewusizo kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esiphawulwa ukuthuthuka kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungcola kolwandle nemifula kanye nokulahlekelwa okusheshayo kwezinhlobo, ukuba namehlo nezindlebe ezizimele ngaphansi kwamanzi akuseyona into ethakazelisayo kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuyisidingo kulabo abazama ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuphathwa kwezinhlelo zemvelo.
Okwaqala ngentsha ebuka izimfudu zibhukuda eGreat Lakes sekuyisikhumbuzi sokuthi inhlanganisela yelukuluku, ubuchwepheshe obutholakala kalula, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ingahamba ibanga elingakanani . I-robotic turtle BURT ayimeleli nje kuphela intuthuko ekuqapheni ngaphansi kwamanzi, kodwa futhi ivula indlela yezinhlobo ezintsha zesayensi yezakhamuzi kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo zamarobhothi angaqapha buthule impilo yamanzi eCanada, eYurophu, nangale kwalokho.
