I-Raspberry Pi Foundation ibilokhu yethula okungaphezu nje kwamabhodi ayo e-SBC, nezinye izengezo zehadiwe ezithakazelisayo. Mhlawumbe enye engaziwa kakhulu njenge i-Raspberry Pi, kubalulekile ukwelapha i-chip RP2040, idivayisi ethakazelisayo yabakhi abanentshisekelo ku-AI nokufunda ngomshini.
Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngalokhu. umphelelisi ophelele we-SBC edumile.
Iyini i-RP2040?
I-Raspberry Pi Ltd idizayine isekethe ebizwa ngokuthi i-RP2040, eyethulwa ngoJanuwari 2021 njengengxenye yebhodi elisha le-Raspberry Pi Pico SBC elethulwe yile nhlangano emakethe. Le chip ye-RP2040 ayilutho nje kune-32-bit microcontroller chip ene- i-dual core ARM Cortex-M0+.
I-ARM Cortex-M0+ iwumgogodla we-CPU oklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izinhlelo zokusebenza kuwo amasistimu ashumekiwe nama-microcontroller. Isakhiwo sayo esingu-32-bit sinikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-8-bit noma i-16-bit yezakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igqama ngokuba iphrosesa yamandla aphansi, okwenza ilungele amadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Lo mgogodla usebenzisa izandiso zemiyalelo ye-Thumb-2, inhlanganisela ye-16-bit kanye ne-32-bit imiyalelo ethuthukisa ukuminyana kwekhodi nokusebenza ezinhlelweni ezibambezeleke inkumbulo. Ngomzila wepayipi wezigaba ezintathu, ifinyelela ukukhishwa kwemiyalelo ngendlela efanele, igcina ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
I-ARM Cortex-M0+ ihlanganisa i-a isibambi sokuphazamisa esisebenza kahle ukuphatha imicimbi yesikhathi sangempela kanye nemisebenzi ngempumelelo. Idizayinelwe ukunikeza ukusebenza okuphusile ngenani elincintisanayo, lo mungo uvame ukutholakala usetshenziswa kuma-microcontroller asetshenziswa kumadivayisi ashumekiwe ahlukahlukene, kusukela kumasistimu okulawula kuya ezintweni zikagesi zasekhaya namadivayisi ezokwelapha.
Ngakho yaba i-microcontroller yokuqala eyaklanywa i-Raspberry Pi, nakuba i-IP core yaklanywa ngokuphelele yi-Arm. Izindleko zayo eziphansi ziyivumele ukuthi ihlanganiswe ku-Raspberry Pi Pico SBC, ngentengo elinganiselwa ku-$4 kuphela, njengoba i-IC ibiza u-$1 kuphela.
Le chip ye-RP2040 ingahlelwa ukuthi isebenze kusetshenziswa izilimi zokuhlela ezahlukahlukene. Enye yazo ingaba i-ARM assembler, enye i-C, C++, Free PASCAL, Rust, Go, MicroPython, CircuitPython, Ada, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilapho idonsa khona ukunaka kakhulu, inamandla ngokwanele sebenzisa i-TensorFlow Lite ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI.
Ukuqhubeka nesihloko se-RP2040, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi le chip ihlanganiswe namabhodi amaningana e-SBC avela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, njengabo. Adafruit, Arduino, SparkFun, Pimoroni, njll. Ku-Raspberry Pi, inikeza izici ezibalulekile ngentengo ephansi. Isibonelo, isetshenziselwe i-Raspberry Pi Pico ne-Pico W, i-Arduino Nano RP2040, i-Pimoroni Tiny RP2040, i-Adafruit Micro, i-SparkFun Pro Micro, njll.
Imifanekiso ye-RP2040
Ngokuqondene ne Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe ye-RP2040, singathola okulandelayo:
- I-Chip yenziwe nge-40 nm node noma inqubo ku-TSMC foundry.
- Ipakishwe ngohlobo lwe-QFN engu-7x7mm enamathintwayo angu-56 futhi ifakwe phezulu noma i-SMD.
- I-ARM Cortex-M0+ dual-core CPU ku-133 Mhz, ngokusekelwa kwe-overclocking. Ingqikithi ngayinye ine-peripheral integer divisor kanye nama-interpolators amabili.
- Isebenzisa inkumbulo esheshayo ye-SRAM yomthamo ongu-264 KB, namabhange azimele ayi-6, amane kwangu-64 KB namabili angu-4 KB.
- Ayinayo inkumbulo ye-flash noma i-EEPROM yangaphakathi, ngakho-ke, ngemva kokusetha kabusha noma ukuvala, i-boot-loader ilahlekile futhi izolayishwa nge-firmware yangaphandle.
- Isilawuli sebhasi se-QSPI, esisekela kufika ku-16 MB wememori ye-flash yangaphandle.
- I-DMA noma isilawuli sokufinyelela kumemori eqondile.
- I-AHB crossbar, ixhumeke ngokuphelele.
- I-LDO (I-Low-Dropout Regulator) ihlanganiswe ku-chip futhi iyahleleka ukuze ikhiqize amandla kagesi ayisisekelo.
- Ama-Dual PLL ahlanganiswe ku-chip ukuze akhiqize amawashi ayinhloko kanye nefrikhwensi ye-USB.
- 30 GPIO no-4 njengokusebenzisa ngokuzithandela okokufaka kwe-analog.
- Ukusekelwa kwe-peripheral ngezilawuli: 2x UARTs, 2x SPI, 2x I2C, 16x PWM, USB 1.1, PHY kanye ne-8 PIO noma izikhonkwane zokuphumayo ezihlelekayo zezifunda zomshini.
Ukusetshenziswa noma izinhlelo zokusebenza
I-chip ye-RP2040 isiphenduke insika yamaphrojekthi nemikhiqizo eminingi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo namandla avelele. Utholile izinhlelo zokusebenza kumadivaysi ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo ezishumekiwe, ukuvula uhla lwamathuba kubasebenzisi abahlukene.
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivamile emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwe amaphrojekthi kagesi, yaziswa kakhulu abathanda kanye nezingcweti ngokudala amadivaysi angokwezifiso ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi namandla okucubungula. Ukwengeza, kube nomthelela omkhulu emfundweni yesayensi yamakhompiyutha, isetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zemfundo ukufundisa imiqondo yezinhlelo nehardware, inikeze abafundi isingeniso esisebenzayo sesayensi yekhompyutha.
Emkhakheni we okuzenzakalelayo nokulawula, i-RP2040 ihlanganiswe nezinhlelo ezifana namadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya namaphrojekthi ezishintshayo ezimbonini, asebenzisana nezinzwa nama-actuator ukuze alawule futhi aqaphe izindawo. Iphinde yathola izinhlelo zokusebenza kumarobhothi, asebenza njengobuchopho bamarobhothi nezimoto ezizimele, ezinekhono elengeziwe lokusebenzisa i-TensorFlow Lite ukuze kusetshenziswe umshini wokufunda.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-RP2040 kugqanyiswe ekuthuthukisweni kwe prototyping ngokushesha, ukwenza lula ukudalwa okusheshayo kwemikhiqizo emisha nobuchwepheshe. Ukuba wusizo kwayo kudlulela ku-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), lapho isetshenziswa khona kumadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi ukuze kuqoqwe idatha futhi ithumele ulwazi emafini, ngenxa yosayizi wayo ohlangene nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-RP2040 ididiyelwe kumaphrojekthi asebenzisanayo kanye nemithombo evulekile, ekhuthaza umphakathi i-hardware evulekile. Kusukela ezinhlelweni zokuzijabulisa kuye kumaphrojekthi wobuciko asebenzisanayo, i-RP2040 isiyinketho edumile endaweni yokuzilibazisa kanye nenkundla yokuzijabulisa enobuhlakani.